[ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2178, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:51:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4188", "o:id": 4188 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4188", "o:id": 4188 } ], "o:item_set": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/item_sets/4078", "o:id": 4078 } ], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0132" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Uncovered by farmer Mårten Pettersson during gravel extraction in the central area of the cemetery of Havor in Hablingbo parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo Havor" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades i grustäkten vid kanten av det stora gravfältet nordväst om Havor. Stenen hittades på norra sidan av en S-formig krök av \"alten Weges und Walde\" , troligtvis 40m öster om grav 96 helt norr om stavelsen -par i ordet \"grusgropar\" på kartan VWG." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to a letter from the finder Mårten Petterson to Hans Hildebrand dated November 22nd, 1881, the picture stone was found the same year during gravel extraction in the cemetery of Havor, Hablingbo parish, and was sent to Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm at the request of Fredrik Nordin. Pettersson, who was living on the farm the Stora Havor, had already discovered artefacts from a grave in the cemetery a few years earlier and sold them to Gabriel Gustafson. The purchase of the grave inventory in 1877 and the discovery of the image stone four years later prompted Gustafson to apply to Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien for funds to excavate the Havor cemetery, which took place between 1884–1888 (Toplak, in press). \n\nThe cemetery of Havor lies in the southern part of Gotland, on the southern banks of the former lake and later moorland of Mästermyr, on the northern outskirts of Hablingbo parish, some kilometres east of the western shore of Gotland. The area, which today is widely forested, stretches around 750 meters from east-northeast to west-southwest on a gravel ridge. Around 260 of approximately 370 registered graves were excavated, dating from the Pre-Roman Iron Age to the late Viking Age, with a hiatus in the late Vendel Period and the Early Viking Age (Nylén 1955, pp. 61–64; Toplak, in press). The north-eastern and probably oldest part of the cemetery was heavily disturbed by gravel extraction from the middle of the 19th century onwards, which led to the discovery of the picture stone Hablingbo Havor I, and the extent as well as the original number of burials in this area remain uncertain. Some smaller groups of graves can be found at the southwestern periphery of the cemetery, either constituting the outer edges of the burial area or belonging to separate cemeteries. The cemetery at Havor is part of a unique complex with an uninterrupted continuity of settlement from the late Bronze Age to the late Viking Age (Manneke 2005; Manneke et al. 2013). Approximately 800 meters east of the cemetery lie a ringfort, several buildings with stone foundations as well as the remains of further settlements in the direct surrounding area. The ringfort was built at the latest at the end of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and was used in several phases at least until the end of the Migration Period as a meeting place and arena for socio-political or religious activities. Remains of settlements north of the ringfort can be dated back to the late Bronze Age or early Iron Age and are therefore slightly older than the earliest burials from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in the cemetery. Several stone foundations south of the ringfort and the rich finds from settlements, graves and the ringfort – such as Roman imports or golden jewellery and especially the unique hoard with a golden neck ring (Nylén 1962; 2005) – bear witness to the great regional significance of Havor as a socio-political or religious central place in the Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period. Following a decline of Havor in the Vendel Period, the late Viking Age burials attest a revival of the local society, probably due to increasing trading activities, but also a significant return to older traditions such as the re-use of older graves or the incorporation of picture stones in burials (Toplak 2022; in press). \n\nThe circumstances of the find as well as the exact location of the picture stone remain uncertain. The location was roughly described and sketched by Nordin in a letter to Riksantikvarieämbete, dated October 16th, 1918. It is likely that the picture stone Hablingbo Havor I came from a demolished grave in the central area of the cemetery, next to the winding path that crosses the cemetery from east to west and around 40 metres to the east of several large grave mounds (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 53–54). The picture stone was probably re-used as a grave slab or as part of the stone cist in a Viking Age burial, just as the picture stones GP 133–138 Hablingbo Havor II–VII (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 54–56; Toplak 2022; in press) and several other picture stones on Gotlandic Viking Age cemeteries (see Burström 1996; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III, pp. 582–584; Rundkvist 2012; Toplak 2022; Oehrl/Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2180", "value_resource_id": 2180, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2180", "display_title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d62cd22696351df692849295269f7adea50655e9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0134.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2181", "value_resource_id": 2181, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2181", "display_title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/561dc5b7c26a30c2766f576bc70d6aa4614d01be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0135.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2182", "value_resource_id": 2182, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2182", "display_title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7661acbdc9db5ff8d8bfb8234edecd88e03f9cb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0136.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2183", "value_resource_id": 2183, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2183", "display_title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3aa7d5269809c83d0b6cb22a23d021e7b3d634e6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0137B.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2184", "value_resource_id": 2184, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2184", "display_title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d4184567a29128132e6603f5758b0d4ad10c051b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0138.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 12.5–16 cm thick. The obverse is curved and naturally smooth; the narrow sides are hewn flat over their entire width at a slightly acute angle towards the obverse and divided from both broad sides by 1 cm wide chamfers. The reverse is coarse. Total height 143 cm, of which 97 cm are above the root. Width closely above the root 57 cm, the same at the lower edge of the roundel, and 72 cm between the upper corners.” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54). The upper narrow side is convex with vertical edges pulling outwards. The broad sides are slightly concave towards the root. The root is flared a few centimetres at a height of about 50 cm on the right side and about 45 cm on the left side, which gives the entire picture stone the shape of an erect axe head including cheeks. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "143" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "57" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sune Lindqvist presents two divergent depictions of the picture stone in “Gotlands Bildsteine”, an undated drawing by Olof Sörling (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54) and a younger photograph of the repainted stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 18), probably repainted by himself, that can be dated to the year 1937 (Oehrl 2019a, p. 149). \n\nThe visible part of the picture stone above the root is decorated with faintly carved borders which fade out on the broad sides towards the root. In Sörling’s drawing (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54), an edge still extends to the root on the right broad side, while the borders were reconstructed along the full length of the visible part of the obverse in Lindqvist’s reconstruction (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 18). Along the broad sides, the decorated borders consist of triangular lines bordered by lateral side-lines. These meet at the upper narrow side with a double row of arcs enclosed by two outer boundary lines and a dividing line in between. “In the vertical borders, the lines creating the pattern are carved deep and wide in their middle parts, so that they form almost boat-like shapes”, as Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 54) notes. The centre of the obverse is decorated with a 38.0 cm large roundel with a whorl rosette enclosed by a double circle line and prongs running along the outer circle line. Two antithetical snake-like animals with simple S-shaped bodies are carved in the upper corners of the obverse between the roundel and the borders. In Sörling’s drawing, the head of the right snake is no longer visible while the left snake opens its mouth with a tongue sticking out. On the photograph of the repainted stone presented by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 18), the left snake’s head shows a large eye and a long distinct jaw as well as one (or several?) antenna or a horn while the open mouth of the right snake can be identified. Furthermore, both animals (snakes, seahorses or worms/dragons?) show spikes or bristle-like hair (Oehrl 2019a, p. 109), continuously running along the body of the left snake and clustered in three groups at the body of the right snake. Directly below the roundel two antithetical quadrupeds are depicted. In Lindqvist’s photograph, both animals are depicted in a similar posture, practically mirroring each other. The body of the left animal appears almost naturalistic yet ending in an elongated head with a spiked ear and a long mouth with a hooked upper jaw. The body of the right animal is far more compact and ends in a gooseneck-like head with mouth and jaws similar to the opposite quadruped. In contrast, the left animal in Sörling’s drawing is smaller and crouched, its body resembling a carnivore while head and snout appear equine. The right animal seems to be shying or rearing; the distinct head on the gooseneck is crowned with two horns or ears and the snout ends in an upturned hook. A third reconstruction of the images is depicted on a photograph of an earlier repainting of the picture stone from 1929, showing a precursor to Lindqvist’s later reading (Oehrl 2019a, table 129d). The only difference from the later reconstruction published in “Gotlands Bildsteine” is the vague shade of an anthropomorphic figure on the back of the left quadruped, possibly showing a rider (ibid. p. 149). It was probably based on this earlier reconstruction that Karl Hauck interpretated both animals as horses with riders holding reins (Oehrl 2019a, p. 149). During new investigations using RTI-viewer and 3D-scanning, Sigmund Oehrl could confirm Lindqvist’s reconstruction of the snake-like animal’s bodies. He could thus prove that the animals mirror each other – an assumption that was criticized in the meantime due to the poor preservation (Larsen 2009, 18). Furthermore, he could add more details to Lindqvist’s reconstruction of the head of the right animal (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 149–150). Hauck’s interpretation of two riders on horseback, in return, was rejected by Oehrl based on his analyses. He was able to identify a presumably anthropogenic depression above the left animal’s body in the RTI-viewer, which corresponds to the area painted by Lindqvist in his first reconstruction from 1929 and which could represent a rider on the animal’s back. An equivalent on the opposite animal, however, is missing as are indications of reins (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 80, 150). \n\nMT\n" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The roundel with a whorl rosette, surrounded by a corona of rays or spikes in the centre of the depiction as a variant of a regularly occurring motif can most likely be interpreted as a symbol of the sun (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 124–125). More elaborate information on the possible interpretation of whorl motifs as sun symbols and the iconography of the Type A picture stones can be obtained in the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nThe two antithetical snake-like animals in the upper edges of the obverse might represent Mediterranean Sea-creatures such as dolphins, seahorses, ketoi or other mythological, stylised sea creatures. Anders Larsen (2009, pp. 40–41) suggests that these animals on several picture stones such as GP 263 Lärbro Pavals reflect a purely decorative adoption of the antique motif of seahorses which appear on many Roman mosaics while Hauck interprets these animals as dolphins as they are known from Roman and early Christian gravestones, representing psychopomps that guide the souls of the deceased into the afterlife (Hauck 1983a, pp. 536, 547), thus illustrating Mediterranean influences on the early picture stones (see also Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 89; II, pp. 91–92; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 10–16, figs. 7–10; 1976, p. 562; Hauck 1983a, pp. 547, 551). Furthermore, as Oehrl (2019a, pp. 143, 294) observes, these animals might also show “the northern version of the antique Ceto” as a kind of sea monster. For more information on sea creatures of Roman origin depicted on Type A picture stones see in particular GP 263 Lärbro Pavals, GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV, GP 44 Bro kyrka II, GP 173 Hangvar Austers I, GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2. \n\nAccording to the classical reading, the two antithetical quadrupeds below the roundel could represent a horse fight, a motif which can probably be identified on several early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 21, 62–63, 151, 158). Ritual horse fights are documented from later periods (Beck 2003; Stylegar 2006; 2014) and the topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. Large quantities of horse bones without traces of slaughter have been found next to the ring wall and in the settlement of Havor (Manneke et al. 2013, pp. 106–107). In addition, besides an interpretation as a fortified pen for breeding horses, it was suggested that the ring wall at Havor could have been used as an arena for horse fights in its early phase during the Roman Iron Age (Manneke 2005, p. 134). Thus, the interpretation of the two antithetic quadrupeds as horses incited to fight would find a concrete context in Havor (Toplak, in press). \n\nBased on Oehrl’s new results which suggest the existence of a rider on the left quadruped, the depiction could be interpreted as an example of the motif group of the mounted beast fighter (“Untierkämpfer”), which also appears on several early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 158–160), and which would also explain the less naturalistic appearance of the right animal. In the context of the stylised sun symbol, the whole scene could allude to ideas of rebirth – the solar cycle as overcoming darkness and death, personified by the beast (see also Hauck 1983a, p. 547). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2309", "value_resource_id": 2309, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2309", "display_title": "GP 263 Lärbro Pavals", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b5e49ddf66bf244da67ebcdc242886c69150881.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0263.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2243", "value_resource_id": 2243, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2243", "display_title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/94855a3d27d51b795f42d8419b4eef1c2ec89904.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0197.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2091", "value_resource_id": 2091, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2091", "display_title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0044.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2219", "value_resource_id": 2219, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2219", "display_title": "GP 173 Hangvar Austers I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f38a704d306415d3ec0af60e175fec62fba4355.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0173.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2315", "value_resource_id": 2315, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2315", "display_title": "GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/778ee1610e36237b90205d0a244c65ba86aa6820.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0269.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Axe-shaped picture stone representing an Early Type monument, belonging to Lindqvist’s “Abschnitt” A (circa AD 400–600; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 28, 110; see also Oehrl 2019a, pp. 8–10). Lindqvist classifies the fragment as representative of the first “Großsteingruppe”, group 4 – “Vallstenagruppe”, named after the stone GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I. Characteristic of this group of monuments, consisting only of GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I and Hablingbo Havor I, is the limitation to only one roundel (see VII). In contrast, Hauck (1983a, pp. 543–545) classifies Hablingbo Havor I as defining for his type IV (type IV,1) which is characterised by a whorl roundel as central motif, while GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I belongs to his type V. Martin Rundkvist, in turn, suggests a typological classification of the outline shapes of the picture stones and defines GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II as Type dwarf 1 (Rundkvist 2012, pp. 155 – 160, table 3). \n\nA later dating to the 6th and 7th centuries as suggested by Wilhelm Holmqvist (1976, p. 563) was rejected by Oehrl (2019, p. 10). Lindqvist’s dating to the Migration Period finds support in the archaeological material from the cemetery of Havor which demonstrates a last phase of socio-political, economical, and perhaps even religious importance of the society at Havor and a rapid decline in the early Vendel Period (Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2581", "value_resource_id": 2581, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2581", "display_title": "GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum (I)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/330eb9346b652456ce190e40e3cd71bf7dcd07ae.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0537.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 28, fig. 18, 366; II, pp. 53–54, fig. 366; Arrhenius/Holmqvist 1960, p. 176; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 9–10, 12; 1976, p. 563; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 21; Hauck 1983a, pp. 544, 552, 559, fig. 17; Oehrl 2007, p. 371; 2019a, pp. 9–10, 79–80, 84, 109, 145, 148–151, 158, 286, 294; II, table 1h, 87e5, 129–134; Larsen 2009, 18; Guber 2011, p. 121 cat. no. 24; Rundkvist 2012, p. 159, table 3; Oehrl/Toplak, in press; Toplak, in press. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo, Havor I [Roma, Högbro]" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4664", "value_resource_id": 4664, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4664", "display_title": "3D model for GP0132", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "91" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "6915" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "circle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mouth" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tongue" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "eye" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sun" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dolphin" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rosette" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse fight" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "nose" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBkD38J35wlR5bQt4a-fS-7Ae12jNNeX1ylZPNamO27n9M?e=ueSP3Q" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2176", "o:title": "GP 130 Hablingbo kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2181", "o:title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2182", "o:title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2183", "o:title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2184", "o:title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2629", "o:title": "GP 586 Hablingbo Havor (IX)" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2621", "o:title": "GP 578 Alva änge" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2091", "o:title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2124", "o:title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2455", "o:title": "GP 410 Stenkyrka kyrka 21" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2161", "o:title": "GP 114 Grötlingbo Roes II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2101", "o:title": "GP 54 Burs kyrka II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2204", "o:title": "GP 158 Halla Broa XIV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2527", "o:title": "GP 482 Tingstäde kyrka VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2528", "o:title": "GP 483 Tingstäde kyrka X" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4664", "o:title": "3D model for GP0132" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2455", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2455, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 410 Stenkyrka kyrka 21", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/348e79429a9c9835911e5c250eca9ce1bff5a9a7.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/348e79429a9c9835911e5c250eca9ce1bff5a9a7.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/348e79429a9c9835911e5c250eca9ce1bff5a9a7.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T09:19:34+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4383", "o:id": 4383 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4383", "o:id": 4383 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 410 Stenkyrka kyrka 21" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0410" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found in Stenkyrka church, where it had been re-used as building material. More information is not available. In his book “Gotlands Bildsteine”, Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered in the course of a large-scale restoration, which was carried out in 1954/55 according to plans by the architect Rolf Bergh. Most probably, Stenkyrka kyrka 21 was also found on this occasion. \n\nThe earliest church at this place was probably a wooden building that was replaced by a stone church in the first half of the twelfth century. The foundations of the first stone church were discovered beneath the floor of the current church, which was built during the thirteenth century. The nave was erected shortly after the dedication of the choir in 1255, the new tower between 1280 and 1310 (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, pp. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). The unusually large number of stones found not only in the church, but in the entire parish, is an indicator of the political and religious position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (see Roosval 1914, p. 5). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The triangle-shaped fragment represents the right corner of an early-type picture stone’s head. Both the preserved part of the slightly convex upper edge and the surviving part of the slightly concave right lateral edge are 36 cm long. The lateral edge is clearly chamfered. The limestone slab is about 12 cm thick. Its surface is flat but rough, and it shows traces of weathering. The carvings are abraded and partly hard to discern at all. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "36" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "35" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "9" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "A border consisting of two grooves is running parallel to the surviving parts of the upper and right lateral edge. In the corner of the image field, very faint remains of an animal figure can be observed, which is almost invisible to the naked eye but easily documented by using digital illumination tools and 3D applications such as depth-mapping. The whole figure is chiseled in, not just outlined. The four-legged animal features an elongated but massive body, a long tail, a bent neck and an elongated head, indicating a cow or more probably a horse. Two longish elements protruding from the animal’s head may represent ears or horns. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "A very close parallel on the stone GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and its iconographic connections (picture stone from Häggeby in Uppland and the Migration Period gold bracteates) strongly suggest that the depicted animal represents a horse with artificial horns, and that there was a counterpart in the monument’s left corner, forming a facing pair. The depiction of two facing horses can be associated with similar images on several Type A picture stones, which on the basis of the Häggeby picture stone and medieval literary sources are commonly interpreted as depictions of ritual horse fights – GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II, GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7, GP 99 Garda kyrka 3, GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, GP 554 Väskinde kyrka 5, and probably also the Type B stone GP 578 Alva Änge. The topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2146", "value_resource_id": 2146, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2146", "display_title": "GP 99 Garda kyrka 3", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/73513d4574193875b1bb8c7af1eca22b30f32e41.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0099.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2598", "value_resource_id": 2598, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2598", "display_title": "GP0554", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c8dddf303f0e7592b7a4ce274307145933b0f467.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0554.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2621", "value_resource_id": 2621, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2621", "display_title": "GP 578 Alva änge", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f75e4fcad20bca6570d71906b0824868ef7351b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0578.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents the right corner of the head of a tall early-type picture stone, i.e., Type A according to Lindqvist’s typology, dating between AD 400 and 600. The style of the animal figure is almost identical to GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7, and also its placement, the stone’s shape and the simple border decoration are comparable. Consequently, it could be argued that both monuments originate from the same workshop or even the same stone mason. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "No references" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC10990" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4941", "value_resource_id": 4941, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4941", "display_title": "3D model for GP0410", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0410_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "249" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades inmurad i Stenkyrka kyrka, oklart när eller var. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av tidig bildsten (period A), längsta mått 36 cm. Spår av fåror och ett fyrfotadjur med öron eller horn (häst?, ko?). \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 400-500-talen. \n\nTolkning \nFyrfotadjuret föreställer förmodligen en häst med konstgjorda horn, vilken är en del av hingsthetsning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cattle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "neck" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse fight" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ear" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDcx-l9Cwn9Sb7roZ9JfxneAWIBoAUotKsaAJfjlrxpHGQ?e=o7bVVy" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4941", "o:title": "3D model for GP0410" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/278", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 278, "o:item": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2455", "o:id": 2455 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2125, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:15:01+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4014", "o:id": 4014 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4014", "o:id": 4014 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4015", "o:id": 4015 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2958", "o:id": 2958 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0078" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "A meadow (probably a small burial ground) near Larsarve in Eskelhem parish (RAÄ När 6:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem Larsarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen tillsammans med GP 77 Eskelhem Lararve I vid uppodling av \"Sprängänget\" nedanför Larsarve" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Both stones, GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I and Eskelhem Larsarve II, are mentioned by Per Arvid Säve in his Berättelser (1863, p. 192; 1864, p. 311). They […] “obviously were hewn at the same time and probably were intended to form a single monument” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). They were found “[…] about 1863 by Mr Joh. Carlsson, Ekeby, while cultivating land in ‘Sprängänget’ below Larsarve, at a distance of several ells from each other. No. II was lying just below the turf between ashes, burnt bones, and field stone roundels, at a small mound” (ibid.). Lindqvist considers those stones to have been placed pairwise on graves. About 100–200 m west-southwest of the farmstead, just south of the main road, three circular stone settings can still be observed (RAÄ Eskelhem 26:1 and 27:1–2), which are 8, 9, and 26 m in diameter. Next to the farm buildings, circa 15 m to the east, a (grave?) mound of approximately 1 m height is registered (RAÄ Eskelhem 69:1). Apparently, there was a small burial ground from which the two Larsave stones originate. Today, the two stones are on exhibition in Gotlands Fornsal, arranged as a facing pair, as if marking a grave. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "value_resource_id": 2124, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2124", "display_title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist describes both slabs as follows: “Similar limestone slabs with smooth structure over the root, which then is slightly rougher, 4.5 cm and 5 cm thick, respectively. On both stones, the broad sides have been dressed upwards of the root but not levelled; apparently, no chamfers were fashioned between them. Height 1 m and 82 cm, 72 and 52 cm of which above the root, respectively. Width at the corners 53 and 47 cm, at the bases about 34 and 31 cm, respectively”. Eskelhem Larsarve I was broken into four pieces when it was delivered to Gotlands Museum – two fragments of the slabʼs upper half, the lower part including the massive square root, and a small piece of the right-hand edge. Two small sections, one at the lower right-hand edge and one almost in the middle of the stone, were missing. The pieces have been put together and missing parts reconstructed. Eskelhem Larsarve II was discovered undamaged and completely preserved, including the rough and shapeless root part. The smooth surface of both stones and their fine carvings are well-preserved. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "value_resource_id": 2124, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2124", "display_title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "82" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "47" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "4" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings have been traced with paint. However, photos of the yet unpainted stones (482:13b, 1648:55–56, B3:61) as well as drawings by Olof Sörling from 1910/11 are kept in ATAʼs “Run- och bildstenssamling” and have been published in Lindqvistʼs book (see X). The well-preserved depictions on both slabs are described by Lindqvist in the following way: “The decoration mainly was executed in very fine (chisel?) lines, but all around and within the figure-of-eight-shaped band figures in the borders of stone No. I, the background fields have been carved as if by chip carving – just as the field between the quadruped’s front legs of stone No. II. On each stone, one face features a border and a rectangular grid above the lowermost part of the field; above, there is on No. I a watercraft with rounded stems, the elevated ends of which terminate in animal heads, a small, tabular sail on a high mast that appears to be rigged with both forestay and backstay attached to the stem-heads, as well as the torsos of three crewmen jutting out over the railing; the steering oar is attached to the port side. Instead of this image of a ship, the corresponding face of No. II features two four-legged animals, heraldically juxtaposed and shown in profile. The other broad side of No. I was given the same border as the face described above, while the reverse of No. II was left entirely smooth” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). Due to their characteristic body shape and form of their heads, the two identical antithetic quadrupeds can be interpreted as horses, even though no tails are depicted (cf. ibid. I, p. 89; while Guber [2011, pp. 53–59] for some reason separates them from the horses and just calls them “Vierbeiner”). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The depiction of two facing horses on Eskelhem Larsarve II can be associated with similar images on several Type A picture stones, which on the basis of the Migration Period picture stone from Häggeby in Uppland and medieval literary sources are commonly interpreted as depictions of ritual horse fights – GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7, GP 99 Garda kyrka 3, GP 554 Väskinde kyrka 5, GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, and probably also the Type B stone GP 578 Alva Änge. The topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2146", "value_resource_id": 2146, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2146", "display_title": "GP 99 Garda kyrka 3", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/73513d4574193875b1bb8c7af1eca22b30f32e41.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0099.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2598", "value_resource_id": 2598, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2598", "display_title": "GP0554", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c8dddf303f0e7592b7a4ce274307145933b0f467.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0554.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2621", "value_resource_id": 2621, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2621", "display_title": "GP 578 Alva änge", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f75e4fcad20bca6570d71906b0824868ef7351b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0578.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type “dwarf stone”, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating between AD 500 and 700. The Larsarve stones belong to those few Type B stones which feature a semicircular head with pronounced corners slanting diagonally down towards the main body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 38–40). The second main characteristic of the Larsarve stones is the shape of their body, narrowing towards the bottom. Lindqvist separates the two stones from the rest of Type B and treats them as a further sub-group, called Larsarvesteine (ibid. 38, tab. II). According to Lindqvist, the Larsarvesteine represent the result of a further development within the Stenstugruppe (ibid. 40), where similar head and body forms already occurred. Even the iconography and style (crew aboard the sailing ship, shape of the horses) may indicate a late date within “Abschnitt” B, at the transition to “Abschnitt” C/D (cf. ibid. 117). Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 64–66: Segelfahrzeuge vom Rikvidetypus) to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th centuries. Rundkvist (2012, p. 159), however, based on his typological analysis, dates the Larsarve monument to the Middle Vendel Period (Type dwarf3). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "value_resource_id": 2124, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2124", "display_title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941, pp. 16, 19, fig. 1; 1941/42 I, pp. 40, 64-66, 89, 117, 120, figs. 71–76, 227; II, p. 40, fig. 342; Gjessing 1943, 69–70, 105, fig. 5.3b; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 28; Lamm/Nylén 2003, 43; Guber 2011, pp. 59, 115–116, cat. nos. 12–13; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 157, 159; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 63, 145, 149, pl. 2g, 28d. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem, Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2141" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4611", "value_resource_id": 4611, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4611", "display_title": "3D model for GP0078", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "54b" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades omkring 1863 tillsammans med GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve II vid uppodling av Sprängänget nära gården Larsarve. Vid fyndplatsen rester av ett mindre gravfält. \n\n Nuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, Bildstenshallen, placerad tillsammans med GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I, så att de bildar en markering av en grav. \n\nBeskrivning \nHel bevarad dvärgsten (period B), höjd 100 cm och som bredast 53 cm. Kantdekor bevarad, liksom bild av två motställda djur, sannolikt två hästar. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nKan vara en avbildning av hingsthetsning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "value_resource_id": 2124, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2124", "display_title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse fight" } ], 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