[ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2178, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:51:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4188", "o:id": 4188 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4188", "o:id": 4188 } ], "o:item_set": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/item_sets/4078", "o:id": 4078 } ], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0132" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Uncovered by farmer Mårten Pettersson during gravel extraction in the central area of the cemetery of Havor in Hablingbo parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo Havor" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades i grustäkten vid kanten av det stora gravfältet nordväst om Havor. Stenen hittades på norra sidan av en S-formig krök av \"alten Weges und Walde\" , troligtvis 40m öster om grav 96 helt norr om stavelsen -par i ordet \"grusgropar\" på kartan VWG." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to a letter from the finder Mårten Petterson to Hans Hildebrand dated November 22nd, 1881, the picture stone was found the same year during gravel extraction in the cemetery of Havor, Hablingbo parish, and was sent to Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm at the request of Fredrik Nordin. Pettersson, who was living on the farm the Stora Havor, had already discovered artefacts from a grave in the cemetery a few years earlier and sold them to Gabriel Gustafson. The purchase of the grave inventory in 1877 and the discovery of the image stone four years later prompted Gustafson to apply to Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien for funds to excavate the Havor cemetery, which took place between 1884–1888 (Toplak, in press). \n\nThe cemetery of Havor lies in the southern part of Gotland, on the southern banks of the former lake and later moorland of Mästermyr, on the northern outskirts of Hablingbo parish, some kilometres east of the western shore of Gotland. The area, which today is widely forested, stretches around 750 meters from east-northeast to west-southwest on a gravel ridge. Around 260 of approximately 370 registered graves were excavated, dating from the Pre-Roman Iron Age to the late Viking Age, with a hiatus in the late Vendel Period and the Early Viking Age (Nylén 1955, pp. 61–64; Toplak, in press). The north-eastern and probably oldest part of the cemetery was heavily disturbed by gravel extraction from the middle of the 19th century onwards, which led to the discovery of the picture stone Hablingbo Havor I, and the extent as well as the original number of burials in this area remain uncertain. Some smaller groups of graves can be found at the southwestern periphery of the cemetery, either constituting the outer edges of the burial area or belonging to separate cemeteries. The cemetery at Havor is part of a unique complex with an uninterrupted continuity of settlement from the late Bronze Age to the late Viking Age (Manneke 2005; Manneke et al. 2013). Approximately 800 meters east of the cemetery lie a ringfort, several buildings with stone foundations as well as the remains of further settlements in the direct surrounding area. The ringfort was built at the latest at the end of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and was used in several phases at least until the end of the Migration Period as a meeting place and arena for socio-political or religious activities. Remains of settlements north of the ringfort can be dated back to the late Bronze Age or early Iron Age and are therefore slightly older than the earliest burials from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in the cemetery. Several stone foundations south of the ringfort and the rich finds from settlements, graves and the ringfort – such as Roman imports or golden jewellery and especially the unique hoard with a golden neck ring (Nylén 1962; 2005) – bear witness to the great regional significance of Havor as a socio-political or religious central place in the Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period. Following a decline of Havor in the Vendel Period, the late Viking Age burials attest a revival of the local society, probably due to increasing trading activities, but also a significant return to older traditions such as the re-use of older graves or the incorporation of picture stones in burials (Toplak 2022; in press). \n\nThe circumstances of the find as well as the exact location of the picture stone remain uncertain. The location was roughly described and sketched by Nordin in a letter to Riksantikvarieämbete, dated October 16th, 1918. It is likely that the picture stone Hablingbo Havor I came from a demolished grave in the central area of the cemetery, next to the winding path that crosses the cemetery from east to west and around 40 metres to the east of several large grave mounds (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 53–54). The picture stone was probably re-used as a grave slab or as part of the stone cist in a Viking Age burial, just as the picture stones GP 133–138 Hablingbo Havor II–VII (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 54–56; Toplak 2022; in press) and several other picture stones on Gotlandic Viking Age cemeteries (see Burström 1996; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III, pp. 582–584; Rundkvist 2012; Toplak 2022; Oehrl/Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2180", "value_resource_id": 2180, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2180", "display_title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d62cd22696351df692849295269f7adea50655e9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0134.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2181", "value_resource_id": 2181, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2181", "display_title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/561dc5b7c26a30c2766f576bc70d6aa4614d01be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0135.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2182", "value_resource_id": 2182, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2182", "display_title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7661acbdc9db5ff8d8bfb8234edecd88e03f9cb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0136.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2183", "value_resource_id": 2183, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2183", "display_title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3aa7d5269809c83d0b6cb22a23d021e7b3d634e6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0137B.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2184", "value_resource_id": 2184, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2184", "display_title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d4184567a29128132e6603f5758b0d4ad10c051b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0138.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 12.5–16 cm thick. The obverse is curved and naturally smooth; the narrow sides are hewn flat over their entire width at a slightly acute angle towards the obverse and divided from both broad sides by 1 cm wide chamfers. The reverse is coarse. Total height 143 cm, of which 97 cm are above the root. Width closely above the root 57 cm, the same at the lower edge of the roundel, and 72 cm between the upper corners.” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54). The upper narrow side is convex with vertical edges pulling outwards. The broad sides are slightly concave towards the root. The root is flared a few centimetres at a height of about 50 cm on the right side and about 45 cm on the left side, which gives the entire picture stone the shape of an erect axe head including cheeks. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "143" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "57" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sune Lindqvist presents two divergent depictions of the picture stone in “Gotlands Bildsteine”, an undated drawing by Olof Sörling (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54) and a younger photograph of the repainted stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 18), probably repainted by himself, that can be dated to the year 1937 (Oehrl 2019a, p. 149). \n\nThe visible part of the picture stone above the root is decorated with faintly carved borders which fade out on the broad sides towards the root. In Sörling’s drawing (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54), an edge still extends to the root on the right broad side, while the borders were reconstructed along the full length of the visible part of the obverse in Lindqvist’s reconstruction (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 18). Along the broad sides, the decorated borders consist of triangular lines bordered by lateral side-lines. These meet at the upper narrow side with a double row of arcs enclosed by two outer boundary lines and a dividing line in between. “In the vertical borders, the lines creating the pattern are carved deep and wide in their middle parts, so that they form almost boat-like shapes”, as Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 54) notes. The centre of the obverse is decorated with a 38.0 cm large roundel with a whorl rosette enclosed by a double circle line and prongs running along the outer circle line. Two antithetical snake-like animals with simple S-shaped bodies are carved in the upper corners of the obverse between the roundel and the borders. In Sörling’s drawing, the head of the right snake is no longer visible while the left snake opens its mouth with a tongue sticking out. On the photograph of the repainted stone presented by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 18), the left snake’s head shows a large eye and a long distinct jaw as well as one (or several?) antenna or a horn while the open mouth of the right snake can be identified. Furthermore, both animals (snakes, seahorses or worms/dragons?) show spikes or bristle-like hair (Oehrl 2019a, p. 109), continuously running along the body of the left snake and clustered in three groups at the body of the right snake. Directly below the roundel two antithetical quadrupeds are depicted. In Lindqvist’s photograph, both animals are depicted in a similar posture, practically mirroring each other. The body of the left animal appears almost naturalistic yet ending in an elongated head with a spiked ear and a long mouth with a hooked upper jaw. The body of the right animal is far more compact and ends in a gooseneck-like head with mouth and jaws similar to the opposite quadruped. In contrast, the left animal in Sörling’s drawing is smaller and crouched, its body resembling a carnivore while head and snout appear equine. The right animal seems to be shying or rearing; the distinct head on the gooseneck is crowned with two horns or ears and the snout ends in an upturned hook. A third reconstruction of the images is depicted on a photograph of an earlier repainting of the picture stone from 1929, showing a precursor to Lindqvist’s later reading (Oehrl 2019a, table 129d). The only difference from the later reconstruction published in “Gotlands Bildsteine” is the vague shade of an anthropomorphic figure on the back of the left quadruped, possibly showing a rider (ibid. p. 149). It was probably based on this earlier reconstruction that Karl Hauck interpretated both animals as horses with riders holding reins (Oehrl 2019a, p. 149). During new investigations using RTI-viewer and 3D-scanning, Sigmund Oehrl could confirm Lindqvist’s reconstruction of the snake-like animal’s bodies. He could thus prove that the animals mirror each other – an assumption that was criticized in the meantime due to the poor preservation (Larsen 2009, 18). Furthermore, he could add more details to Lindqvist’s reconstruction of the head of the right animal (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 149–150). Hauck’s interpretation of two riders on horseback, in return, was rejected by Oehrl based on his analyses. He was able to identify a presumably anthropogenic depression above the left animal’s body in the RTI-viewer, which corresponds to the area painted by Lindqvist in his first reconstruction from 1929 and which could represent a rider on the animal’s back. An equivalent on the opposite animal, however, is missing as are indications of reins (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 80, 150). \n\nMT\n" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The roundel with a whorl rosette, surrounded by a corona of rays or spikes in the centre of the depiction as a variant of a regularly occurring motif can most likely be interpreted as a symbol of the sun (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 124–125). More elaborate information on the possible interpretation of whorl motifs as sun symbols and the iconography of the Type A picture stones can be obtained in the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nThe two antithetical snake-like animals in the upper edges of the obverse might represent Mediterranean Sea-creatures such as dolphins, seahorses, ketoi or other mythological, stylised sea creatures. Anders Larsen (2009, pp. 40–41) suggests that these animals on several picture stones such as GP 263 Lärbro Pavals reflect a purely decorative adoption of the antique motif of seahorses which appear on many Roman mosaics while Hauck interprets these animals as dolphins as they are known from Roman and early Christian gravestones, representing psychopomps that guide the souls of the deceased into the afterlife (Hauck 1983a, pp. 536, 547), thus illustrating Mediterranean influences on the early picture stones (see also Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 89; II, pp. 91–92; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 10–16, figs. 7–10; 1976, p. 562; Hauck 1983a, pp. 547, 551). Furthermore, as Oehrl (2019a, pp. 143, 294) observes, these animals might also show “the northern version of the antique Ceto” as a kind of sea monster. For more information on sea creatures of Roman origin depicted on Type A picture stones see in particular GP 263 Lärbro Pavals, GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV, GP 44 Bro kyrka II, GP 173 Hangvar Austers I, GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2. \n\nAccording to the classical reading, the two antithetical quadrupeds below the roundel could represent a horse fight, a motif which can probably be identified on several early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 21, 62–63, 151, 158). Ritual horse fights are documented from later periods (Beck 2003; Stylegar 2006; 2014) and the topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. Large quantities of horse bones without traces of slaughter have been found next to the ring wall and in the settlement of Havor (Manneke et al. 2013, pp. 106–107). In addition, besides an interpretation as a fortified pen for breeding horses, it was suggested that the ring wall at Havor could have been used as an arena for horse fights in its early phase during the Roman Iron Age (Manneke 2005, p. 134). Thus, the interpretation of the two antithetic quadrupeds as horses incited to fight would find a concrete context in Havor (Toplak, in press). \n\nBased on Oehrl’s new results which suggest the existence of a rider on the left quadruped, the depiction could be interpreted as an example of the motif group of the mounted beast fighter (“Untierkämpfer”), which also appears on several early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 158–160), and which would also explain the less naturalistic appearance of the right animal. In the context of the stylised sun symbol, the whole scene could allude to ideas of rebirth – the solar cycle as overcoming darkness and death, personified by the beast (see also Hauck 1983a, p. 547). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2309", "value_resource_id": 2309, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2309", "display_title": "GP 263 Lärbro Pavals", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b5e49ddf66bf244da67ebcdc242886c69150881.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0263.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2243", "value_resource_id": 2243, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2243", "display_title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/94855a3d27d51b795f42d8419b4eef1c2ec89904.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0197.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2091", "value_resource_id": 2091, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2091", "display_title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0044.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2219", "value_resource_id": 2219, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2219", "display_title": "GP 173 Hangvar Austers I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f38a704d306415d3ec0af60e175fec62fba4355.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0173.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2315", "value_resource_id": 2315, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2315", "display_title": "GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/778ee1610e36237b90205d0a244c65ba86aa6820.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0269.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Axe-shaped picture stone representing an Early Type monument, belonging to Lindqvist’s “Abschnitt” A (circa AD 400–600; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 28, 110; see also Oehrl 2019a, pp. 8–10). Lindqvist classifies the fragment as representative of the first “Großsteingruppe”, group 4 – “Vallstenagruppe”, named after the stone GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I. Characteristic of this group of monuments, consisting only of GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I and Hablingbo Havor I, is the limitation to only one roundel (see VII). In contrast, Hauck (1983a, pp. 543–545) classifies Hablingbo Havor I as defining for his type IV (type IV,1) which is characterised by a whorl roundel as central motif, while GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I belongs to his type V. Martin Rundkvist, in turn, suggests a typological classification of the outline shapes of the picture stones and defines GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II as Type dwarf 1 (Rundkvist 2012, pp. 155 – 160, table 3). \n\nA later dating to the 6th and 7th centuries as suggested by Wilhelm Holmqvist (1976, p. 563) was rejected by Oehrl (2019, p. 10). Lindqvist’s dating to the Migration Period finds support in the archaeological material from the cemetery of Havor which demonstrates a last phase of socio-political, economical, and perhaps even religious importance of the society at Havor and a rapid decline in the early Vendel Period (Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2581", "value_resource_id": 2581, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2581", "display_title": "GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum (I)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/330eb9346b652456ce190e40e3cd71bf7dcd07ae.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0537.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 28, fig. 18, 366; II, pp. 53–54, fig. 366; Arrhenius/Holmqvist 1960, p. 176; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 9–10, 12; 1976, p. 563; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 21; Hauck 1983a, pp. 544, 552, 559, fig. 17; Oehrl 2007, p. 371; 2019a, pp. 9–10, 79–80, 84, 109, 145, 148–151, 158, 286, 294; II, table 1h, 87e5, 129–134; Larsen 2009, 18; Guber 2011, p. 121 cat. no. 24; Rundkvist 2012, p. 159, table 3; Oehrl/Toplak, in press; Toplak, in press. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo, Havor I [Roma, Högbro]" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4664", "value_resource_id": 4664, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4664", "display_title": "3D model for GP0132", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "91" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "6915" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "circle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mouth" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tongue" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "eye" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sun" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dolphin" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rosette" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse fight" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "nose" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBkD38J35wlR5bQt4a-fS-7Ae12jNNeX1ylZPNamO27n9M?e=ueSP3Q" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2176", "o:title": "GP 130 Hablingbo kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2181", "o:title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2182", "o:title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2183", "o:title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2184", "o:title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2629", "o:title": "GP 586 Hablingbo Havor (IX)" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2621", "o:title": "GP 578 Alva änge" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2091", "o:title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2124", "o:title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2455", "o:title": "GP 410 Stenkyrka kyrka 21" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2161", "o:title": "GP 114 Grötlingbo Roes II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2101", "o:title": "GP 54 Burs kyrka II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2204", "o:title": "GP 158 Halla Broa XIV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2527", "o:title": "GP 482 Tingstäde kyrka VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2528", "o:title": "GP 483 Tingstäde kyrka X" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4664", "o:title": "3D model for GP0132" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2195, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:41:43+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4200", "o:id": 4200 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4200", "o:id": 4200 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0149" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, discovered in an area called ʻBrandenʼ. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen tilsammans med Broa VII & VIII samt inventarienummer GF 1679-1702 & 1704-1710. Funnen på \"Branden\" vid nybyggnation" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and. in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, several elite warrior graves contain fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\n“Found by the butcher Petterson during construction of his new house on the so-called ʻBrandenʼ, together with [Halla Broa] VII and VIII as well as 24 limestone balls [gravklot] (GF 1679–1702) and several other antiquities (GF 1704–1710)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 62). The find spot is situated, according to the map provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 378), west of the road to Viklau, south of the railway line, in an area belonging to the farmstead Möllbos gård (not Broa/Broe). Information about the find year is not available. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2192", "value_resource_id": 2192, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2192", "display_title": "GP 146 Halla Broa VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1c2d6985a0e89859db9e80115e113cfcc5fd5b63.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0146.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 6 cm thick, its obverse is rather rough and uneven. The narrow sides are “[…] hewn at right angles towards the obverse and generally roughly chamfered towards the back. The reverse rough and unworked, but fairly even. Height of the stone 95 cm, 68 cm of which above the lower edge of the decoration. Width of the head 41 cm, of the neck 36 cm, of the base now 44 cm, originally possibly about 48 cm. The decoration first had been sketched out in carved lines, which only partially then were deepened with a chisel and widened to up to 2 mm width. After this, the background fields were slightly chiselled” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 63). The monument is completely preserved, only a small part of the root seems to be broken off. The surface is not much weathered; however, due to its roughness the decoration is very hard to discern. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "96" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "41" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "6" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 63, fig. 387) only published a photo of the painted stone, which he described as follows (photos of the unpainted stone from before 1933 are kept in ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 2440:20): “At the very top, a horse is depicted, probably with a horseman armed with a spear; below, there is a 10 cm high panel with unclear remains of images, among them a ship with a sail that is covered with a rhombic grid pattern made up of bands about 0.5 cm wide that – apart from the points of intersection – were chiselled all the way. The ship appears to have had rounded stems; between the railing and the sail’s straight lower edge, there probably are crewmen and sheet ropes that split running upwards. Below the ship, there either is a row of triangles or waves that possibly break to the right, as well as a narrow horizontal border with a simplified twisted cord pattern at the very bottom.” \n\nLindqvist’s painted version of the carvings does not trace the horseman himself in any detail but only an undefined field above the horse and a horizontal part of the spear behind the supposed rider. A drawing by Olof Sörling from 1918 instead depicts the horseman in much more detail, including his eye, nose, and beard (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling). However, Lindqvist’s interpretation of the ship is much more detailed, while Sörling only considered the rhombic pattern of the sail and some very rudimentary remains of the mast and rigging. In Sörling’s drawing, the waves beneath the vessel are clearly described as triangles. Lindqvist traced some remains of the interlace pattern inside the stone’s outline border, while Sörling only drew certain parts of the border’s inner frame. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates Halla Boa IX to AD 750–900 (group 1C). According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). As the ship depiction, in particular the stems, the rigging and the crew, is hardly discernable in detail, it cannot be included into typological considerations. \n\nThe stone’s decoration has some notable features. Triangular waves are depicted on a relatively small group of Type C/D stones, for instance GP 95 Garda kyrka 7, GP 170 Halla kyrka 5, GP 212 Klinte Klintebys, GP 572 Eksta kyrka, GP 563 Väte kyrka 2, and GP 280 När Smiss I. The simplified twisted cord pattern on the horizontal border beneath the waves is particularly remarkable. The pattern is typical for Type B picture stones and occurs rarely on late type monuments. A decorated border just above the root is also quite unusual. The only parallel is GP 150 Halla Broa XVI, which is comparable to Halla Broa IX in many respects. The sail’s pattern with tiny, raised rhombs at the intersections is comparable to, for instance, the C/D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I; GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII; GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 90 Fröjel kyrka, and GP 109 Gothem kyrka. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "value_resource_id": 2142, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2142", "display_title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no185.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2616", "value_resource_id": 2616, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2616", "display_title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3a502e3c7ca47983abd611b27e2c0753b47b7754.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0572.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "value_resource_id": 2607, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2607", "display_title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196", "value_resource_id": 2196, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2196", "display_title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0150.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2156", "value_resource_id": 2156, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2156", "display_title": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9cb91e11d52b605280cdfc2077df53dfe5ebea6c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0109.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 63, fig. 387. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa IX" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1678" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4681", "value_resource_id": 4681, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4681", "display_title": "3D model for GP0149", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0149_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "109" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid ett husbygge på ett område som tillhörde gården Möllbos, nära järnåldersgravfältet vid Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 95 cm hög och 44 cm bred, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med ett spjut. I det nedre bildfältet vågor, ett skepp med segel, rigg och troligen besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2192", "o:title": "GP 146 Halla Broa VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2196", "o:title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297", "o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4681", "o:title": "3D model for GP0149" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2196, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T12:05:43+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4201", "o:id": 4201 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4201", "o:id": 4201 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0150" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, next to the old railway line; the fragment was found in the stone cover of a burial mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen på en nybyggd tomt till höger om järnvägsspåret, alldeles vid järnvägsbommen i trekanten. Vid röjade av gravhög." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla–Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, investigating 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nAccording to a report letter from 1917-07-17 kept in ATA (Go Halla sn M–Ö, dnr 709-1917; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65), Wennersten states that the picture stone Halla Broa XVI was “found on a newly built-on property to the right of the railway tracks, when travelling south from the train station Roma, just next to the level crossing in the triangle formed by the country road from Roma, the road to Viklau, and Gotlands railway line. […] [It] came to light two years ago when some workers, who had been commissioned by Hans Hansson to clear a burial mound from its grass cover until he would be back shortly afterwards, in doing so uncovered the stone. The picture stone lay there between other stone pieces; when I was there, it had lain with the obverse upwards in the open air for two years.” " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab represents the entire body and root of a small mushroom-shaped picture stone, which is now missing its head. The obverse is even, the narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse but for the most part only roughly worked. The stone has a height of 75 cm, of which 60 cm are accounted for by the part above the root. The width of the neck is 32 cm, that of the base 45 m. The slab is about 10 cm thick (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65–66). There are no serious signs of weathering, abrasion or damage to be observed on the stone’s surface. However, the images are not easy to discern. The decoration is executed with fine lines, while the background fields are slightly chiselled, not more than 1 mm deep (ibid. fig. 396; ATA 494:9a; 1718:22). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "75" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 65–66) describes the carvings in the following way: “Within the border, which is up to 6 cm wide, an interwoven band pattern. In the panel above a horizontal bar at the neck, the legs of a running horse can be seen, which indicates that the stone’s head was filled with the image of horse and rider. Just below the horizontal bar, three persons can be perceived in a low panel, of whom the middle one appears to be shown in a sitting position […]. Below this, there is a ship with rounded, towering stems and rectangular sail with rhombic pattern on a mast, on which probably are attached one stay from the left (prow?) and two from the right. A rudder may have been near the indistinct stem on the right. Above the railing, the torsos of six crewmen, all facing left, jut out; they presumably are behind a row of shields attached to the railing. Below the ship, a row of waves is depicted, the crests of which are breaking to the left, and a final horizontal border.” \n\nIn Olof Sörling’s drawing of the stone dating to 1918 (ibid. fig. 394), the horizontal border below the waves represents a simplified twisted cord pattern, which cannot be identified on Lindqvist’s photo of the painted surface (ibid. fig. 395). Another notable difference between both pictures is the left stem of the ship, which in Sörling’s opinion seems to end in an animal head with open jaws. Sörling and Lindqvist basically agree about the three figures in the image panel above the ship’s sail. The man to the left (see also Oehrl 2019a, pls. 57e–h) is wearing a sword scabbard and stretching out his hand towards the middle figure, which could represent a human. The human figure to the right, whose gender remains unclear, lifts up its hand, holding up an indefinable object, probably a drinking vessel, less probably a weapon. Either the figure is sitting on a chair or wearing long garments. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 66) compares the figures in the panel above the ship with the uppermost panel of GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, which (according to Lindqvist’s painted version) depicts two warriors, flanking and apparently attacking a woman placed between them. This scene has been interpreted on the basis of heroic legend, as a case of abduction of a woman or the killing of King Jǫrmunrekr (Lindqvist 1941/42 I. p. 105; Gjessing 1943, p. 86). For more information see the regarding article about Lärbro St. Hammars I. \n\nIf the person in the right corner of the panel holds up a drinking vessel, the depiction could be compared to drinking scenes on other picture stones such as GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I and GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1. For their possible interpretation as drinking and oath taking ceremony or afterlife feasting, see articles cited by Oehrl (cf. Oehrl 2019a, pp. 172–174, 178). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2576", "value_resource_id": 2576, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2576", "display_title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f94bdae6ccf3ee55275413bd7005a63b71563ce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0532.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Originally mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone Halla Broa XVI to between AD 750 and 900. According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. The horizontal border beneath the waves is particularly remarkable. The simplified twisted cord (or step) pattern is typical for Type B picture stones and occurs rarely on late type monuments. A decorated horizontal border just above the root is also quite unusual. The only parallel is GP 149 Halla Broa IX, which is comparable to Halla Broa XVI in many respects. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195", "value_resource_id": 2195, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2195", "display_title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0149.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 105; II, pp. 65–66, figs. 394–396; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 608; Oehrl 2019a, p. 89, pls. 57e–h. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa XVI" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4682", "value_resource_id": 4682, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4682", "display_title": "3D model for GP0150", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0150_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "116" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "16239" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid röjning av en gravhög 1915 på det stora järnåldersgravfältet Broa i Halla. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformad bildsten (typ C-D), 75 x 45 cm, med kantdekor och tre olika bildfält. I det översta fältet spår av en springande häst, som förmodligen haft en ryttare. I det mittersta fältet tre människor varva den mittersta verkar sitta. I det nedersta fältet vågor och över vågorna ett skepp med segel och sex besättningsmän \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nOm djuret på bilden kan ses som en häst kan bilden tolkas som Sleipner som hoppar över ett hinder för att komma in i dödsriket. Om bilden i stället föreställer en hjort kan det finans en kristen bakgrund. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "legs" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sitting" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield-row" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hand" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cup" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "chair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "running" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sheath" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDmoKG2mLnVQI6hLyYTx-H9Ac0S_ikhUjJIJn16Cyy1Tnw?e=QKNg9r" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297", "o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4682", "o:title": "3D model for GP0150" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2206, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T12:12:27+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4209", "o:id": 4209 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4209", "o:id": 4209 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0160" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) necropolis in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gravfältet Högbro. Hittades samtidigt som nr.1" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, much has been acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma–Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the necropolis, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa II was found in 1876 during the construction of the railway line, together with GP 143 Halla Broa I and GP 161 Halla Broa III. “At the same time, several objects of bronze and iron from the younger Iron Age were discovered” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189", "value_resource_id": 2189, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2189", "display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 9 cm thick. […] The narrow sides hewn approximately at right angles towards the obverse, the reverse rough and unworked. Total height of the stone 82 cm, 55 cm of which above the lower edge of the decoration. The width of the head likely was 42 cm, that of the neck is 38 cm, that of the base about 43 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). The small monument is almost completely preserved, including a short root, only the left corner of the mushroom head is broken off while the right corner is slightly discernible. The stone material is unusual. It is a fine-layered shoal limestone which is not very usable for working on it. The weathering especially attacks spaces between the rock layers, which leads to a kind of exfoliation. The surface of the stone is flaking off. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "82" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "43" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "9" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration appears to have been added despite the ledges existing on the obverse; later, flaking resulted in the appearance of more of these ledges, which caused a considerable proportion of the decoration to be destroyed. The preserved elements are executed with finely hewn lines and particularly with chiselled background fields. Also, the creation of the almost 1 cm wide grooves forming the sail’s pattern left clear traces of the chisel […]. At their intersections, small rectangles were left standing. Apart from insignificant remains of the inner frame of an approximately 7 cm wide framing border and a horizontal border (which perhaps should be interpreted as the yardarm above the sail) on a level with the neck, the drawing shows (at the very top) the lower part of a horse, below that parts of the sail and the keel of a watercraft on top of a row of waves that are breaking to the right” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59–60). \n\nLindqvist’s description corresponds with Olof Sörling’s drawing of the stone, which is dated to 1910 (ibid. fig. 379; ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen 2425:15 [mistakenly labelled as ʻRoma Högbroʼ]). On the stone itself as well as on the early photograph kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamlingen 457:29 [mistakenly labelled as ʻRoma Högbroʼ]), only the keel line of the ship is visible, and the unusual surface structure, eroded by exfoliation. The carvings are remarkably faint. However, as Oehrl (2019a, p. 88, pl. 50a–b) demonstrated by means of RTI technology, the major parts of the figures are still discernable under the condition of a certain illumination. Helmbrecht (2011, p. 470) notes that the horse in the head field is possibly eight-legged. In Sörling’s drawing a third foreleg appears to be discernable. However, this element, which could also be part of the lost horseman’s spear, cannot be verified with certainty. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to circa AD 750–900. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). \n\nThe design of the sail, with small rectangles at the intersections of the diagonal lines (see VI), is the same as on the Type D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII or the Type C stones GP 162 Halla Broa IV and GP 90 Fröjel kyrka. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 59–60, fig. 379; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 603; Oehrl 2019a, p. 88, pl. 50a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa II" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2088" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4692", "value_resource_id": 4692, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4692", "display_title": "3D model for GP0160", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "102" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1876 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn svampformig liten bildsten (typ C-D), 82 x 43 cm. Spår av två bildfält, det övre med en sannolikt åttafotad häst och det nedre med vågor och ett skepp med segel. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sleipnir" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBIpeKqcQeVQ7znuFqU6xufAaWYRBiO3DcHa5bmpSwTqsw?e=cgK9hs" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4692", "o:title": "3D model for GP0160" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2207, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T12:12:58+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4210", "o:id": 4210 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4210", "o:id": 4210 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0161" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gravfältet Högbro. Hittades samtidigt som nr.1" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma–Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa III was found in 1876 during the construction of the railway line, together with GP 143 Halla Broa I and GP 160 Halla Broa II. “At the same time, several objects of bronze and iron from the younger Iron Age were discovered” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189", "value_resource_id": 2189, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2189", "display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "value_resource_id": 2206, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2206", "display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 15 cm thick. […] The narrow sides hewn at right or acute angles towards the obverse, the reverse very rough and strongly curved. Current height of the stone 74 cm; the original height above the root likely was about 70 cm. Width of the head 46 cm, of the neck 41 cm, of the base 48 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 60). The stone’s face is almost even but quite rough. It appears to be weathered, in particular, its upper part, wherefore parts of the finely carved images and border decoration are lost. The mushroom shape of the slab is clearly discernible, both corners of the head are preserved. However, the top part of the arched head is broken off. The short root is preserved as well. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "74" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "41" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "15" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The lines of the decoration appear partly to have been chiselled, though they are narrow and irregular, partly to have been merely scratched in with a pointed object. The background field has been chiselled 1–2 mm deep. The border contains a twisted cord pattern that was given a realistic effect by Kerbschnitt-like chiselling of small areas. The field thus defined contains at the very top – probably below a [lost] top panel that cannot be interpreted – the image of a horseman with shield and spear on a horse, the feet of which rest on the upper part of the border-like frame of a sail with rhombic pattern on a watercraft with upwards-curved stems. The stems appear to be rounded. The ship has a rudder. Below the ship, a row of waves that are breaking to the left. Above the vessel’s railing, the torsos of five crewmen can be seen as well as many Y-shaped sheet ropes attached to the sail’s lower edge” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 60–61). \n\nThe picture of the stone with paint published by Lindqvist (ibid. I, fig. 108; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen B3:59 [Faith-Ell 1937]) differs in some details from Olof Sörling’s drawing (ibid. II, fig. 380; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen 2425:24), in particular regarding the horseman. In the drawing, the horse’s forepart and the equestrian’s lance are incomplete. The horseman’s head, however, is much more detailed, featuring his long hair, eye, and nose. Unlike Lindqvist’s painting, Sörling’s drawing depicts a shield boss, and the outline of the shield crosses the outline of the horse’s back. The second crewman from the right, however, is more detailed in Lindqvist’s interpretation, featuring an eye as well as details of hair and dress. In both interpretations, the outlines of the rudder cross the keel line of the ship. Those intersections are remarkable, as they possibly indicate a kind of preliminary sketch (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). The best examples for such preliminary carvings include GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. The much-weathered left half of the upper panel remains indiscernible, even though Lindqvist tried to trace some scattered parts of the carvings here. Nevertheless, it is probable that it featured the depiction of a woman who welcomed the horseman (cf. other Type C dwarf stones such as GP 162 Halla Broa IV and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III). \n\nAnother painted version of the stone, a photo of which is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamlingen 1718:41 [Faith-Ell 1933]), presents significantly fewer figures and details than the pictures published in Lindqvist’s book. It appears to represent an obsolete interpretation by Lindqvist. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on late type picture stones, see especially GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, the horseman and ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead." }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to circa AD 750–900. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 67) assigns the vessel to his Lillbjärstypus, which occurs frequently on Type C picture stones. However, he even considers the ship to represent a Type D vessel, dating somewhat later (ibid. p. 73). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 67, 73, 107, fig. 108; II, pp. 60–61, fig. 380; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 604. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa III" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2089" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4693", "value_resource_id": 4693, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4693", "display_title": "3D model for GP0161", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "103" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1876 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, utställd i Bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn dvärgsten (typ C), 74 x 48 cm, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med spjut och sköld, och i det nedre bildfältet vågor och ett skepp med segel, rigg och fem besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBJ3WyrDlaKTKjapE9cN4qrAcw02xuJrcyFxWlcMMU91IQ?e=mOZqBB" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2206", "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2126", "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2285", "o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4693", "o:title": "3D model for GP0161" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2208, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T12:13:28+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4211", "o:id": 4211 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4211", "o:id": 4211 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0162" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen vid grustaget som järnvägen går igenom." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma-Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular. during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa IV was found in 1879 during the construction of the railway line (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The exact find place and context, however, cannot be determined." } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 12 cm thick. The obverse almost even by nature, severely pitted due to weathering. The narrow sides either hewn in an obtuse angle or rounded towards the obverse. The reverse rough and unworked. Total height of the stone 89 cm, 57.5 cm above the lower edge of the decoration, width of the head 45 cm, width of the neck 38 cm, that of the base 49 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The mushroom-shaped monument is completely preserved, including its root. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "89" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "49" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "12" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration of the border, which is filled with an s-shaped interlace pattern is executed with hewn lines and chiselled background fields. The images in the field appear to have been sketched in fine lines and drawn by means of a pointed instrument; after this, the work was completed by chiselling out the background field. The field is divided into two panels by a horizontal bar at the level of the neck. The horizontal bar at the same time serves as the yardarm of the sail of the watercraft filling the lower panel. On this bar, one foot of a horse is resting, on which sits a horseman with loose trousers gathered at the knee and a sword scabbard (attached to the belt?)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The very fine lines, which appear to be drawn with a pointed instrument are particularly visible in the details of the horseman’s head, his sword and trousers, but also in parts of the ship, in particular, the shields with bosses and the heads and faces of the crewmen. Those finely carved lines possibly indicate a kind of preliminary sketch (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). The best examples for such preliminary carvings represent the Type C stones GP 161 Halla Broa III, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. \n\nThe figure in the left half of the head field can be interpreted in different ways, but Lindqvist’s description of the carvings is particularly detailed (1941/42 II, p. 61): “In front of the horseman, on the same ʻground lineʼ, a person is standing, the details of which have been lost due to flaking. The interpretation of this person was a problem that GG [Gabriel Gustafson], FN [Fredrik Nordin], and OS [Olof Sörling] frequently debated, but never finally solved. Alternative no. 1 [ibid. II, fig. 381] includes: a man with knee-length garb, holding a spear slightly tilted forwards, towards the horseman; the slightly crooked spearhead is at a level with the horse’s ear. Alternative no. 2 [ibid. II, fig. 382, 384], however, put forward a woman with a floor-length dress (at the front of which there is a strip of constant width that corresponds to the front lower leg in alternative no. 1); her head is looking rather masculine and does not quite reach the same level as the horse’s mouth. Above the woman, there is a bird (the head and long neck of which, pointed diagonally upwards, corresponds to the upper part of the spear in alternative no. 1) that appears to be flying towards the horseman. Both wings of this presumed bird are visible and executed in a remarkably realistic way; the feathers of the wings would be implied by short, chiselled lines, in the same manner that commonly was used for the chiselled areas of the background field. Lastly, alternative no. 3 [ibid. I, fig. 116], which SL [Sune Lindqvist] considers the most likely, shows a woman in a full-length dress (possibly with a strip of constant width along the dress’s rear contours that corresponds to the rear lower leg in alternative no. 1) as in alternative no. 2, but of much greater body height; the torso is inclined backwards, of course, because the woman is presenting the horseman with a drinking horn, its almost horizontal mouth facing him (in alternative 1, this is the spearhead, in alternative 2, the bird’s head). The top of the woman’s head is at the same level as the horse’s eye” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). \n\nThere are even more possible interpretations documented – a photo of the painted stone depicting the legs of a man without spear (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 30f), a drawing with a very rudimentary version of the man with spear (ATA, unpublished), and a drawing with another version of the woman with a drinking horn, featuring a smaller body size and more detailed facial characteristics (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 383). All mentioned interpretations are kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). Oehrl (2019a, pp. 65–66, 89, pl. 54a–b) considers the image on the head field of Halla Broa IV one of the best examples of the difficulty of picture stone documentation, which he regards as the major problem of picture stone research in general. His investigation based on digital imaging applications, however, did not lead to a final assessment. Nevertheless, in Oehrl’s view, a woman with a drinking horn is the most plausible interpretation, although she is probably smaller and less massive, as she appears on the photo provided by Lindqvist. \n\nThe ship in the lower part of the stone is described by Lindqvist, as follows: “The lower half of the field is occupied – as mentioned above – by a watercraft. Above the horizontal bar – the sail’s yardarm –, the masthead can be seen between the horse’s forelegs in the panel just described; on both sides of the masthead, there are the upper ends of the stays running down in both directions. The sail is enclosed on both the left and right in the same rectilinear way as at the top by the yardarm, while downwards, it has a number of pointed corners continuing the rhombic pattern that had been produced by wide chiselled grooves. The vessel’s hull has towering stems, the rudder is on the starboard side, and ten shields are visible along the railing. The shields’ contours are drawn fairly competently, but hardly with a compass; the rims of the shield bosses are drawn, as well. Above the shields raise the heads of six, probably originally seven, crewmen. They wear round head coverings. Four corners, which probably each terminate in a sheet rope, constitute the sail’s lower edge. The mast is massive towards the bottom and has a stay running to it from the inner base of the stem in the bow as well as several of them from the stern” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on late type picture stones, see especially GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, the horseman (welcomed by a woman with a drinking horn) and the ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead. Gabriel Gustafson’s interpretation of the woman in the head field of Halla Broa IV, featuring a long-necked bird above the woman’s head (see VI, alternative no. 2), is particularly tempting since Oehrl was able to prove in his studies that long-necked water birds played an important role in the iconography of the late-type picture stones, acting as companions of the women who welcome the deceased in the world of the dead. Those ʻornithomorphic psychopompoiʼ can be seen on the picture stones GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve, GP 3 Alskog kyrka, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6, and GP 341 Sanda kyrka I. For more detailed interpretation, see the pertinent articles as well as Oehrl 2010a; 2012a, pp. 93–96; 2019a, pp. 50–55, pls. 23e–25c; 2020c, pp. 138–151, fig. 26–31. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2138", "value_resource_id": 2138, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2138", "display_title": "GP0091", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f013e0b5d4e9c4283dfc8b692e086a18f1d35595.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0091.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2050", "value_resource_id": 2050, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2050", "display_title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/50a7bab11df828a06ad8a95ac40128b793f64c22.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0003.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to the 9th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 71) assigns the vessel to his Hunningetypus, which occurs frequently on Type C picture stones. \n\nThe design of the sail, with small rectangles at the intersections of the diagonal lines (see VI), is similar to the Type D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII or the Type C stones GP 160 Halla Broa III and GP 90 Fröjel kyrka. Good parallels for the the border decoration, an interlace pattern formed by s-shaped loops, can be seen on the stones GP 171 Hangvar kyrka III, GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII, and GP 94 Garda Bote. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "value_resource_id": 2206, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2206", "display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2217", "value_resource_id": 2217, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2217", "display_title": "GP0171", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/192c2b27e331ddffdcc29d3d48ef7317e91819f2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0171.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Nordin 1903, p. 148, fig. 5; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 47, 71, 73, 75, 82–83, fig. 105, 116–117; II, p. 61, fig. 81–84; Varenius 1992, p. 72, fig. 40; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 90–91; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 605; Ney 2012, pp. 78–79; Oehrl 2012a, pp. 92–93; 2019a, pp. 65–66, 89, pls. 30a–f, 54a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa IV" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2263" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4694", "value_resource_id": 4694, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4694", "display_title": "3D model for GP0162", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "104" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1879 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, utställd i Bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 89 cm hög och 49 cm bred, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med lösa byxor och ett svärd och framför ryttaren en stående person (kvinna?), troligen med ett dryckeshorn. Över den stående personen en fågel som flyger mot ryttaren. I det nedre bildfältet ett skepp med segel, tio sköldar och sex eller sju besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nRyttaren om möts av en kvinna med dryckesbägare tolkas normalt som en död man som välkomnas till dödsriket. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "trousers" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sheath" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCHpgk2gpNKS6P0pmKOU5qwAbQbKKoh4Iss3NMAxAvOCWg?e=gc7odN" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2137", "o:title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2156", "o:title": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2206", "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4694", "o:title": "3D model for GP0162" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2258, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T09:59:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4243", "o:id": 4243 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4243", "o:id": 4243 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0212" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/b8031d81-d102-40b5-9ce4-34e47695debe", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Property of Hunninge gård (?) in Klinte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte Hunninge" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Denna bildsten befann sig år 1934 sedan en obekant rad av år i Klintebys trädgård, där den stod lutad mot den mur som omger parken där. Det kan tyckas naturligt att anta, att också denna sten härstammar från Hunninge, emellertid får man inte reda på något" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-erected in a small wood belonging to the farm Klintebys (Klintebys park). " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klintebys" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 80), the picture stone GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I was “[…] found in the 1860s during the tillage of a field in Hunninge (Lättstain), a farm belonging to Loggarve, where it is supposed to have been lying together with [Klinte Hunninge] II. From there, the stone [no. I] was transferred to the park in Klintebys, where it still stood in July 1941”, while [stone no. II] “[…] was transported to the outer edge of Klinteberget, just northeast of the church, where it remains to this day” (ibid. 81). GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III “[…] was found at the edge of a small gravel pit just southwest of the estate of Arvid Lerberg to the north of the highway Klinte–Visby […] and was donated to [Gotlands Fornsal]” (ibid.). The find year is not given by Lindqvist. Regarding Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), he notes that “[i]n 1934, this picture stone has been for an unknown number of years in the garden of Klintebys, where it leans against the wall of the local park. It appears natural to suppose that this stone came from Hunninge, also, but no details about its origins could be established” (ibid.). Therefore, Lindqvist calls the stone ʻKlinte sockenʼ (parish, Klinte Kirchspiel), while Jan Peder Lamm listed it as ʻKlinte Hunninge IVʼ. Later, the stone was re-erected, several meters in front of the wall, anchored in the ground with small stones and concrete. \n\nAccording to a report by Ture Carlsson and a regarding letter by David Rosvall to the National Antiquarian from 1930 (ATA dnr 4546-30, 4794-30), picture stone no. III was registered by Carlsson in the same year and taken from Lerbergʼs garden. Carlsson also notes that no. IV was said to have been discovered one year ago at the very same spot. He also mentions that in previous times two more stones (i.e., nos. I and II) had been found at approximately the same place. From there, as Rosvall assumes, they were transported to a field, afterwards re-used as bridge stones, and a lifetime later placed in Klintebys park. In the 1965 inventory about the monuments in Klinte parish (ATA), it is noted that the stones nos. I, II, and IV probably originated from land owned by Klintebys farm, which, however, was situated in the area of Hunninge gård (farm), where they were re-used as bridge stones over a ditch, before they were transferred to the park in Klintebys (“Sägas flyttats från Klintebys ägor å Hunninge, där de uppgivas ha legat som brostenar över diken”). In the 1927 inventory of monuments in Klinte parish (Förteckning över Klinte sockens fasta fornlämningar) kept in ATA, I and II are mentioned as still being situated in Klintebys park. \n\nConsequently, the object biography of the four stones is confusing and their original find spots are impossible to determine. Stone no. I was transferred to Gotlands Museum after the publication of Lindqvistʼa book, no. II is still standing on Klinteberget, no. III is kept in the museumʼs storage in Visborg, and no. IV is still standing in Klintebys park. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 81) notes: “Limestone slab, about 20 cm thick. The obverse is even, but especially on its right half with considerable bumps. The narrow sides are hewn at about right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s height is 186 cm, the distance between its top and the lower edge of the decoration is 151 cm. The width of the head is 78 cm, that of the neck 73, and that of the base 99 cm.” The monument is completely preserved, including its root; only the right-hand edge is partly damaged. Already in Lindqvistʼs time, parts of the surface were much weathered and indiscernible, in particular in the right third and in the middle of the stone. Due to its re-erection and anchoring in the ground, parts of the decorated base are not visible anymore. Furthermore, the stone meanwhile has been exposed to the weather without protection for about a century, and thus the imagery is much abraded and partly destroyed. The entire surface is heavily overgrown by lichens. Today, it is almost impossible to verify Lindqvistʼs documentation of the carvings with certainty. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "186" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "99" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "20" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 81–82) describes the carvings as follows: “Decoration with faintly carved lines and primarily with chiselled background fields. In the horse in the top panel, thin lines can be made out defining the horse’s right leg. The border is filled with a simplified ‘twisted-cord’ pattern. The top panel shows a horseman supporting himself with one hand on the horse’s croup and carrying a hunting bird on the elbow of the same arm; in the other hand, he holds the reins. Above the horseman, a dog and a bird(?) can be seen, in front of him a woman facing him and holding a horn in her hand. The next panel shows a ship with rounded stem featuring a small spiral disc at its terminal, as well as a sail with a pattern of rhombi, the middle fields of which are carved into the stone. In the ship, there probably is a row of crewmen facing right; below the ship, two horses (which probably carried riders, but their figures are very hard to recognise). Behind the right horse possibly a walking person is depicted. At the very bottom, one perceives a row of chiselled triangles pointing downwards.” \n\nThe horseman is hardly “carrying a hunting bird on the elbow”, as Lindqvist suggests, but rather on his fist, as it is usual in falconry. In one of his hands the depicted horseman is holding the reins; on the other hand, stretched out to the left, the raptor is sitting. A vertical stripe connects the man’s outstretched arm, which is holding the bird, with the horse’s back. The meaning of this detail is uncertain, but it could represent the straps of leather on the raptor’s legs, used by falconers to tether the bird (ʻjessesʼ, German Geschüh). Otherwise, it could be interpreted as an ʻeagle crutchʼ, a device used by, for instance, Kyrgyz falconers for supporting their arm while holding their heavy hunting eagle. \n\nHowever, as noted above, the carvings are in very bad condition and it is difficult to verify the images and details described by Lindqvist and depicted in the photo of the painted stone which is published in his book (ibid. II, fig. 134, cf. ATA 1719:17 [taken by H. Faith-Ell 1933]). Other pictures, including those before the stone was painted by Lindqvist, are not available in the archives. Oehrl (2019a, pp. 179–180), who re-analysed the stone in 2013 by means of 3D digitisation and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), concludes that only the rough contours of the main motifs can be brought to light, while most of it remains indiscernible to the naked eye. \n\nRegarding the possible bird (cf. Oehrl 2010a, pp. 24–25, pl. VI:15) that appears to fly ahead of the horse, Oehrl (2019a, pls. 184a–c, 185a–c), based on the results of his RTI documentation, suggests a new interpretation, considering a four-legged prey animal, presumably a fox. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the interpretation of the ship and equestrian motifs see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, concerning the horseman and adventus motiv see also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. Usually, for good reasons, the motif of the equestrian and the woman with the drinking horn is interpreted as the arrival of a fallen warrior in Valhǫll, who is welcomed by a valkyrie. \n\nThe horseman with the raptor on Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys) is regarded as the earliest known Scandinavian monument that clearly depicts a falconry scene. According to the Barbarian Law Codes, the leges barbarorum, hunting with raptors was well established among the Continental tribes from the 5th or 6th century onwards (Lindner 1973; Grimm/Oehrl 2017; Dusil 2018). Bones of birds of prey in richly furnished graves of the 6th–10th centuries appear to prove that falconry was also already practised in East Middle Sweden from an early age (Vretemark 2018). Written allusions to falconry in Old Norse literature come to the fore in the 10th or 11th century at the earliest (Hofmann 1957/58; Carstens 2018). In addition, pictorial depictions should be considered important source material, indicating a certain knowledge of this form of hunting among the early Scandinavians (Åkerström-Hougen 1981; Oehrl 2012c; 2013a; 2014a; 2018; 2020d; Grimm/Oehrl 2017). \n\nBird brooches and raptor-shaped fittings from the Vendel Period (Atterman 1934) are occasionally regarded as further evidence for early Scandinavian falconry. Actually, some of these items represent raptors holding and devouring their prey, like the 7th century gilded saddle fittings from a horseman’s grave at Vallstena in Gotland (Nerman 1969/75, no. 1260–1263) and the gold and garnet cloisonné mounts of the purse lid from the Anglo-Saxon princely ship burial at Sutton Hoo (Suffolk, East Anglia), also from the 7th century, depicting a raptor striking a duck (Hicks 1986, 162–165; Adams 2015, 43–48). However, images like this – without clearly assignable human participants, horses and hunting dogs – cannot with certainty be regarded as depictions of falconry. As some of them were used as shield decorations or saddle fittings, it could be reasonable to interpret them as warrior emblems, probably in the context of the ʻbeasts of battleʼ tradition (see GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I), like the bird brooch from Lisbjerg in Jutland from the 6th/7th century AD depicting a similar raptor that is striking a human figure (Ørsnes 1966, no. 159a; Kjærum/Olsen 1990, p. 162 no. 63; Oehrl 2020d, pp. 455–457), or just as symbols of power or mythological motifs (Dickinson 2005, pp. 152–160; 2011, pp. 644–650; Hauck 1980a, pp. 274–286; 1982c, pp. 321–328; Oehrl in print b). Even the raptors on Migration Period gold bracteates have been interpreted in the context of falconry, which is by no means plausible (Pesch 2018). \n\nAnother undoubted depiction of falconry can be seen on the Viking Age rune stone from Alstad in Oppland, Norway, from between AD 1000 and 1030 (N 61–62; Christiansen 1997). A horseman with a bird of prey on his fist, together with two hounds, and a second big raptor on the top of the stone can be seen. A strange, long object in the hand of a second horseman at the bottom, which is club-like and broadens towards its top, could be regarded as a perch for the raptor. A T-shaped perch is depicted on a bronze Viking ship from Grimsta near Stockholm, Sweden, from the 11th century (Biörnstad 1958). The depicted horseman holds his bird on his left fist and the perch in his right hand. There is also a group of 11th century Swedish rune stones. The stone from Vidbo kyrka (Uppland, U 375), for instance, depicts a horseman above whom a stylized bird seems to be flying. On the rune stone from Hanunda (Uppland, U 599), a horseman lifts up his hand and above him a big raptor is situated on the runic border. Possibly, this rider is a falconer who is calling his bird back to his fist. \n\nA matter of particular interest is the 11th century rune stone from Böksta/Balingsta (Uppland, U 855). It depicts a mounted hunter with a spear, pursuing a red deer stag with his hounds. A stylized raptor is standing on the stag’s antlers attacking its head with its beak. This depiction appears to represent a special kind of falconry, i.e., hunting big game animals with raptors, which was widespread in the Arab world, but almost unknown in medieval Europe. On the basis of this rune stone, it has been considered that Viking falconers were influenced by Eastern hunting traditions (Oehrl 2013a; 2014a). Apart from this, early images of falconry can also be observed on carved stones on the British Isles – on the prominent 8th century Anglo-Saxon stone cross from Bewcastle in Cumberland, on 8th/9th century Pictish carved stones from Scotland, as well as on the Viking or ʻAnglo-Scandinavianʼ stone cross from Sockburn in Durham, dating to the first half of the 10th century (Cramp 1984, 136; Bailey/Cramp 1988, pp. 69–70; Carrington 1996; Oehrl 2018, pp. 841–843, figs. 1–5, 10). \n\nAs a result, the horseman from Klintebys is not the only Viking Age depiction of a falconer but must be regarded the earliest pictorial representation of a falconer in Scandinavian art. Remarkably, the fallen hero arriving at the gates of the warrior’s paradise is glorified as a falconer – on horseback, with a hunting hound and a raptor on his fist. \n\nWhether there were actually human riders on the backs of the two facing horses in the lower part of the stone remains unclear. If this was not the case, the depiction can be associated with similar images of facing horses on Type A and Type B picture stones. The topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone. Lindqvist regards the stone as an ʻAbschnittʼ C monument, dating to around AD 700. Those late-type picture stones (Type C/D) can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 46) assigns the stone to his Klintegruppe, which consists of only a few monuments from the parish of Klinte and which he regards as the best representative of a kind of picture stones typical for the southern part of Gotland, called Der südgutnische Kreis. The most characteristic feature of those monuments is the placement of the ship motif directly below the head field with the horseman. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type tall3, which occurs in his periods 5 (Early Viking Period), and 7 (Late Viking Period). Imer (2004, p. 104), however, dates monuments of this kind to the 9th or 10th century, while Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group II skepp med enkel rigg), dates it to the 7th–9th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 46, 89–90; fig. 143; II, pp. 81–82; Hofmann 1957/58; Åkerström-Hougen 1981, pp. 275–276, 285; Vretemark 1983; Althaus 1993, p. 193; Raudvere 2004, p. 90, fig. 10; Oehrl 2010; 2012c; 2013a; 2014a; 2017b, p. 105, fig. 10a–c; 2018; 2020d; Grimm/Oehrl 2017. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:508" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte 5:3" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte, Kirchspiel" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4744", "value_resource_id": 4744, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4744", "display_title": "3D model for GP0212", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "156" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1929 i kanten av ett grustag norr om vägen Klinte-Visby. Enligt brev från 1930 påträffades GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III på samma plats något tidigare. Troligen kommer även GP 209-10 Klinte Hunninge I-II från samma område. Bildstenen flyttades efter fyndet till Klintebys park, där den stod redan 1934. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nI Klintebys park. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 186 cm hög och som bredast 99 cm. Vittrad och övervuxen av lav. I det övre bildfältet en kvinna med bägare som, möter en ryttare med en jaktfågel. Över ryttare en hund och möjligen en fågel. I nästa bildfält ett skepp med segel och troligen besättningsmän. Under skeppet två hästar, troligen med ryttare och en gående person. Längst ned en rad av trianglar. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet avbildar troligen en valkyria som mottar en död man i Valhall. Jaktfågelmotivet det äldsta i Skandinavien. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horsegear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird of prey" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dog" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "drinking horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6365286" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695350" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCqXOEdaIEpQYuDqHEg0s1vARAZszLGk9Dp2c0MstYyOkU?e=vsyhj1" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2256", "o:title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2126", "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2576", "o:title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2605", "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2614", "o:title": "GP 570 Stenkyrka kyrkogården" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4744", "o:title": "3D model for GP0212" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2283", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2283, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 237 Lojsta Fride", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/0ba837f3f80f451c3e9264cc77f9ab939e08a924.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/0ba837f3f80f451c3e9264cc77f9ab939e08a924.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0ba837f3f80f451c3e9264cc77f9ab939e08a924.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:13+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T10:20:20+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4260", "o:id": 4260 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4260", "o:id": 4260 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 237 Lojsta Fride" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0237" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "On a meadow near to the farmstead of Fride in Lojsta parish, lying close to a group of stone mounds (rösen). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta Fride" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen på Storängen 100m SSÖ bostadshus. Sydväst om bokstaven F i ortsnamnet (Fride) på SGUs hemseblad" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ. Re-erected on a stone mound, probably a röse. " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 97) describes the find circumstances and location as follows: “This stone was found in 1918 by the gardener T.A. Lund in Storängen, when he laid out a garden, about 100 m south-south-west from the farmstead […]. It lay, with the obverse facing downwards, just below the surface. The obverse apparently was turned towards the northeast. Close by were several piles of stone – presumably stone settings of burials – and possibly there are more picture stones lying, fallen over and covered with earth. The picture stone under discussion here was re-erected and stands in its core original stone setting close to the finding place.” Obviously, the monument once was standing next to a group of three grave mounds (rösen) and after its discovery has been re-erected on one of them. The two other mounds are registered by RAÄ with the Lojsta 44:1–2. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 35 cm thick. The total height is about 2 m, the one from the lower edge of the decoration is 147 cm. The width of the head is 85 cm, that of the neck 75 cm, and that of the base 100 cm. The obverse probably was even but is rather rough today due to weathering. The narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the reverse, which is rough and unworked” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 97). The mushroom-shaped slab is completely preserved, however, its edges, in particular, those of the head, are abraded and partly damaged. The decoration, which is badly damaged due to weathering and very hard to discern, is executed with carved lines and faintly chiselled background fields. Lindqvist’s photo of the re-erected and painted stone (ibid. fig. 53) was taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1933 (cf. ATA 1718:19), a photo of the re-erected but still unpainted stone taken by Fredrik Nordin in 1919 is kept in ATA as well. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "200" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "35" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even though the photograph of the painted monument taken by H. Faith-Ell (see V) shows poor but conclusive remains of the imagery, Lindqvist does not describe and nor even mention them. According to the painted version, the stone’s head is divided into two panels. While no images are recognizable in the upper panel, the lower field features a rough depiction of a horseman to the left and an undiscernible figure to the right, probably a welcome scene. In the image panel below, in the neck region of the monument, the legs of a horse and/or the legs of human figures and perhaps some raised swords can be identified in the right-hand half, and some indeterminable (human?) figures to the left. The lowermost image panel shows remains of a ship’s hull and keel, perhaps a steering oar, and a few insignificant traces of the rigging and the crew. The outline of a large rectangular sail is partly recognizable as well. The base of the stone depicts, just below the bottom line of the ship panel, remains of a row of waves with triple-looped crests, breaking to the right. The picture stone is framed by a border; however, its decoration is not discernable. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, Type C/D. The monuments of ʻAbschnittʼ C are dated by Lindqvist to the time around AD 700, the small group of Type D stones, which must be regarded as a subgroup of C rather than a separate type, he dates to the middle or the second half of the 8th century. According to recent research, however, those Type C/D picture stones can only be roughly dated to between the 8th and the 10th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 97, fig. 453. " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta 44:3" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta, Fride" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4769", "value_resource_id": 4769, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4769", "display_title": "3D model for GP0237", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0237_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "170" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1918 vid trädgårdsarbete i Storängen, nära gården Fride. Vid fyndplatsen finns tre rösen, och bildstenen restes i ett av dessa rösen efter att den påträffades. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nI ett röse nära fyndplatsen. \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 2 m hög och största bredd 1 m. Stenen är väderbiten, men svaga spår av bilder är bevarade. I den undre delen av stenen vågor, ett stort skepp med segel och manskap. Över skeppet finns spår av tre bildfält, det understa fältet innehåller benen till en häst och en människa och det mellersta bildfältet en ryttare och en otydlig figur, kanske en välkomstscen. I det övrsta bildfältet är bilderna försvunna. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "leg" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6358049" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704275" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6357999" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704333" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgColkfPoXs6TJVwJ52hz1AKAcKLs4vd74qx02TMKFdf7WY?e=JbIkUB" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4769", "o:title": "3D model for GP0237" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/196", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 196, "o:item": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2283", "o:id": 2283 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.31953729925331, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.392618457846993, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2411", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2411, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 366 Stenkyrka kyrka VI", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/83105e003cabd31ea65fe5919683de17f87a929f.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/83105e003cabd31ea65fe5919683de17f87a929f.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/83105e003cabd31ea65fe5919683de17f87a929f.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T12:18:49+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3971", "o:id": 3971 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3971", "o:id": 3971 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3254", "o:id": 3254 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3255", "o:id": 3255 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 366 Stenkyrka kyrka VI" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0366" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the churchyard wall of Stenkyrka church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Denna sten fastställdes år 1911 av FN i kyrkogårdsmuren ganska exakt väster om den norra delen av västra tornsidan." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was discovered by Fredrik Nordin in 1911. It was incorporated into the churchyard wall, west of the northern part of the west wall of the tower. According to Guta saga (ch. 3; Peel 1999, pp. 10–11), a wooden church at this spot was the very first church building in the entire northern part of Gotland. It has been replaced by a stone church in the first half of the 12th century, the foundations of which were discovered beneath the floor of the current church, which was built during the 13th century (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, p. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). The unusually large number of stones found not only in the church, but in the entire parish, is an indicator of the politically and religiously important position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (Roosval 1914, p. 5). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered during large-scale restoration works, which were carried out in 1954/55. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents the entire head and a small part of the body/neck of a dwarf stone. Approximately the lower half of the monument is missing. A crack runs through the slab, separating it into a left and a right half, which was restored sometime after Lindqvistʼs publication. “Limestone slab, up to 7 cm thick. The obverse is fairly smooth, but unhewn. The narrow sides are levelled at right angles towards the obverse. The reverse is rough. The head is 56 cm wide and 20 cm high. The stone’s total height along the middle is now 56 cm, the width of the neck is 50 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 117). The stoneʼs surface is somewhat weathered, in particular, its upper part. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "59" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "8" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 117) describes the carvings quite briefly: “The decoration consists of shallow, now very unclear lines. Apart from the framing border, the perhaps rich band pattern which cannot be interpreted, there is in the field, below a horizontal bar, a rectangle subdivided into four segments by a cross. In the upper panel, the remains of the image of a horseman can be discerned”. It is very hard to identify the carvings on the stone, and different interpretations are available (Oehrl 2019a, p. 66). The photo of the painted stone taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1933 and published by Lindqvist in his book (1941/42 II, fig. 499; ATA 1751:21) depicts a rudimentary horse with rider, the rectangle with the cross and an empty border. The horseman holds a lance. In an unpublished drawing by O. Sörling dating to 1911, only the framed cross and parts of the empty border can be seen, the equestrian is not depicted at all (ATA, run- och bildstenssamling). The current paint, however, which must have been applied to the stone several decades ago, shows a horseman with round shield and two visible legs, the framed cross, and parts of an interlace pattern filling the edge border (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 32b). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the well-established eschatological interpretation of the horseman motif on Type C/D picture stones see GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. The small rectangular figure with diagonal lines below the horseman that can be labelled as a framed St. Andrewʼs cross has a remarkable counterpart on the Type B stone GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes. Diagonal cross decoration is also depicted on the stones GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II and GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2. It has been argued that Continental models and Christian imagery influenced the iconography of the Type B dwarf stones, and that the sign of the cross and the Christogram were imitated by the Gotlandic stone masons. For more information on these possible Christian connections see GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "value_resource_id": 2071, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2071", "display_title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0024.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2159", "value_resource_id": 2159, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2159", "display_title": "GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, which means a Type B ʻdwarf stoneʼ, dating between AD 500 and 700. The monument belongs to the group of Type B stones featuring a convex head with corners protruding horizontally. The head is quite broad and the body strongly widens towards the bottom. The shape is comparable to GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX. In Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 160) typological study, both stones are labelled as outliers within the dwarf stone group. The fact that the horseman motif is unusual in ʻAbschnittʼ B, but one of the most frequent images of the Type C/D picture stones may indicate a relatively late date of these monuments, presumably the 7th century or around AD 700. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 117, fig. 499; Guber 2011, p. 65, fig. 29, p.144 cat. no. 69; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 63, 66, pl. 32a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Kirche VI" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1671" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4897", "value_resource_id": 4897, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4897", "display_title": "3D model for GP0366", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0366_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "234" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tofta Formation (90%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1911 i kyrkogårdsmuren precis väster om tornet. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotland Museum, magasinet på Visborgslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nÖvre delen av en dvärgsten (period B), bevarad längd 56 cm, största bredd 56 cm. Kantdekor samt överst en ryttare och därunder ett Andreaskors. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nAndreaskorset kan tyda på kontinentala kristna impulser. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rectangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cross" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgA3VMT4rVThR5igEo_SC_tIAQzyD65tzC10C-5uFDz_b7Q?e=KHaHcP" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4897", "o:title": "3D model for GP0366" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/245", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 245, "o:item": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2411", "o:id": 2411 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2433, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T08:41:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4363", "o:id": 4363 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4363", "o:id": 4363 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0388" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, between two stone mounds. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m), and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed; only a small number has been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (large spherical stones) (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published nineteen picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place during the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous grave orbs (gravklot) […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as in the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones I–VI were discovered by the worker Emil Svensson in 1908. The picture stone Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I was found by Svensson in the centre of the grave field, lying between the edges of two stone mounds, with its obverse facing downwards (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118, 121). The exact find place and context, however, cannot be determined. The picture stones I–VI (SHM 13742) were delivered to Statens Historiska Museum by antiquarian Emil Eckhoff in 1909 (Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 7 cm thick at the bottom, 3 cm at the top. The obverse is naturally even, the narrow sides are partly hewn at right angles towards both broad sides, partly merely roughly hewn in shape. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 77.5 cm, of which 60 cm are accounted for by the part above the lower edge of the decoration. The width of the head is 31 cm, that of the neck 28 cm, of the base 44 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 121–122). The monument is completely preserved, including the root; only the head’s left edge is a bit damaged. The very fine carvings are well preserved, there are no traces of severe weathering or abrasion. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "78" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "44" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "7" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist describes the carvings as follows (1941/42 II, p. 122): “The decoration was executed with thin lines probably drawn with the point of a knife and in general then deepened by means of a chisel. The chisel did not always follow the sketch lines precisely, however, which accordingly in some places can still be seen clearly. Parts of the background field below the horizontal border have been chiseled. The overall impression is that of the work of a hasty hand, though one belonging to an experienced master. The horseman filling the entire lower panel wears a helmet or a hood and carries a shield and two spears. In one hand, he holds the reins. In the background field above and behind him are triangular shapes. Below the horse’s belly, a symbolic figure is shown that apparently is composed of three triangles. The horizontal border has a peculiar interlace pattern, while the narrow framing border and the upper panel feature no carved decoration.” As the fine preparatory carvings are so well-preserved in the lower field and the stone is not weathered at all, the upper field appears to have never been decorated. Probably, the picture stone is unfinished. \n\nThere are two painted versions of the stone documented, a photo taken by H. Andersson in 1930 (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 1310:26; cf. Lindqvist 1933, fig. 12) and a picture taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1937 (ATA 1820:18), the latter of which has been reproduced in Lindqvist’s book (1941/42 I, figs. 103, 110). A detailed drawing by O. Sörling is dated to 1909 (ATA 2440:24; cf. ibid. II, fig. 510); pictures of the unpainted stones are provided by Lindqvist (ibid. I, figs. 109, 113; see also ATA 1820:17, 1820:25–26, 1831:33. Essentially, these documentations correspond to each other. Most notable are the very detailed depictions of the equestrian’s face and hand, as well as the fact that the outline of the shield crosses the back of the horse. Those intersections are remarkable, as they possibly indicate a kind of preliminary sketch (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). Good examples for such preliminary carvings represent GP 161 Halla Broa III, GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. The dot in the center of the shield may indicate the use of a compass. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the interpretation of horsemen on late type picture stones see especially GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. The motif of the horseman, in particular when it is welcomed by a woman with a drinking horn, is commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead. \n\nThe figure composed of three triangles occurs on a number of late-type picture stones. It is known under two different terms – Norwegian/Swedish/Danish valknut (also valknude, valknop) and the Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (Hellers 2012, pp. 40–50). The first is not recorded before the beginning of the 18th century and refers to different kinds of knot- and loop-like symbols in Scandinavian folk art, in particular those which are commonly described as ʻquatrefoil knotsʼ (Vierpassknoten, fyrpass). The etymology of valknut is unclear but usually interpreted as representing an Old Norse term valknútr which can be translated as ʻknot of the slainʼ. The Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (ʻHrungnirʼs heartʼ) originates from Snorri Sturluson’s Skáldskaparmál (ch. 17), written down around 1220. Snorri retells the myth about the god Þórr and his fight against the giant Hrungnir, who is described as having a special kind of heart: “Hrungnir átti hjarta þat er frægt er, af hǫrdum steini ok tindótt með þrim hornum svá sem síðan er gert var ristubragð þat er Hrungnis hjarta heitir” (Faulkes 1998, p. 21) – ʻHrungnir had a heart that is renowned, made of solid stone and spiky with three points just like the symbol for carving called Hrungnirʼs heart has ever since been madeʼ (Faulkes 1987, p. 78). The actual reason for depicting the giant’s heart on picture stones and other artifacts, however, remains unclear. Furthermore, it cannot be assumed with certainty that the connection between the symbol and the Hrungnir myth established by Snorri is based on ancient tradition. \n\nThe possible meaning of the so-called Hrungnis hjarta or valknut and other kinds of ʻtriangle signsʼ or ʻtriple symbolsʼ on late-type picture stones, most of which are more or less triskele-like, has been discussed extensively by Hellers 2012, pp. 100–186 (with previous interpretations and relevant literature; see also Main 2020, pp. 31–34, 41, 44, 78–79 appendix 2). There may be a connection to the sphere of death and the supreme god Óðinn (who is also god of the fallen) since these signs mostly occur close to those motifs which are commonly regarded as depicting the afterlife journey (horseman, ship, and others; see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6, GP 341 Sanda kyrka I) or sacrificial scenes (GP 59 Buttle Änge V and GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I). \n\nThere is a certain proximity between those picture stone triple symbols and the triquetra. The triquetra is a widespread decorative element in early medieval art, which in Christian contexts is mostly regarded as symbol of the Trinity (Traetteberg 1974; Moltke 1974; see also Main 2020). Possibly, the Gotlandic ʻtriple symbolsʼ are inspired by Continental or Western triquetra symbolism. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106", "value_resource_id": 2106, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2106", "display_title": "GP0059", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d5d3d9f2fa1040a0a1d071a1db733c8d5fd3eff0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0059.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ. Lindqvist assigns it to his ʻAbschnittʼ C which he dates to around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date those monuments roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to between AD 750 and 900. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). The shape of the horse, in particular the shape of its head with its characteristic frame and pronounced mandible, is reminiscent of Salin’s Style II and thus seems to indicate a dating before AD 800. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354; Lindqvist 1933, pp. 108, 117, fig. 12; 1941/42 I, pp. 41, 47, 75–76, 82, 94, figs. 103, 109–110, 113; II, pp. 118, 121–122, fig. 510; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 485 cat. no. 833; Hellers 2012, pp. 66–67, fig. 10, pl. 4b; Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013a, p. 64; 2015, pp. 399, 431; Oehrl 2019a, p. 82. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs I" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4919", "value_resource_id": 4919, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4919", "display_title": "3D model for GP0388", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "277" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "13742" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1908 mellan två gravrösen, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1909. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad ”dvärgsten” (period CD), 77,5 cm hög och som bredast 44 cm. Bildsten med två bildpaneler, den nedre med ryttare, som bär hjälm, sköld och två spjut. Under hästen tre sammanflätade trianglar. Den övre panelen saknar bild, sannolikt därför att bildstenen aldrig blev helt färdig. Troligen hänger de sammanflätade trianglarna samman med triquetra-bilden, som ofta symboliserar treenigheten i kontinental kristen bildkultur. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "helmet" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse trappings" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valknut" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDmg9X2niXrQoQzNMpVzFM4AW_xPmRns0XdJaD_GYJSBpY?e=BapCH4" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2438", "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4919", "o:title": "3D model for GP0388" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2435, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T08:41:59+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4365", "o:id": 4365 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4365", "o:id": 4365 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0390" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" }, { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=b2539210-ce12-4cdf-8e5a-ffbab68ce6ff", "o:label": "Runor" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, next to a stone mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m), and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed, and only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (large spherical stones) (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published nineteen picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place during the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous large spherical stones (gravklot) […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as in the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones I–VI were discovered by the worker Emil Svensson in 1908 and delivered to Statens Historiska Museum (SHM 13742) by antiquarian Emil Eckhoff in 1909 (Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354). The picture stone Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III was found near the road, in the southern part of the cemetery, “close to Söderlund’s farm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118, 122). It lay at the southern edge of stone mound no. 8, close to the surface (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:2, p. 661; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). Elsewhere, however, Lindqvist notes that the slab lay about 2 m north of a small grave mound (1941/42 II, p. 122). Mound no. 8 (SHM 15227:8) was 2.5–2.8 in diameter and was surrounded by a wall of 4 to 6 layers of limestone slabs. It only contained a knife, charcoal, and bones of sheep. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", 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"property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The slab represents a completely preserved mushroom-shaped picture stone which is in remarkably good condition. “Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick at the base, up to 7 cm at the head. The obverse is even, the narrow sides are rounded towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 86 cm, of which 73.5 cm are above the lower horizontal bar. The head is 40.5 cm wide, the neck 29 cm, and the base 45 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 122). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "86" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration had been sketched out in fine, probably cut lines, whereupon the background field was chiselled about 1 mm deep” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 122). Such preliminary sketches can only be observed on those monuments whose surfaces are particularly well preserved (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). Good examples are GP 161 Halla Broa III, GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 122) notes that “unfortunately, the contour lines were traced in ink by the finder – and in many places incorrectly. The result is clearly visible in several previously published photographs […].” All figures are remarkably detailed. In particular, the drapery of their garments and their faces are carved with fine lines and still well-preserved. \n\nThe stone is framed by a wide border with a complex interlace pattern. A simple horizontal band (with runic inscription, see VIII) divides the head and the neck of the stone from its lower part. The depictions in both image fields are described by Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 123: In the head field, there is an equestrian on a walking horse, turning to the right. The horseman wears a pointed helmet, a large shield with whorl pattern, and trousers gathered at the calves. A triple-symbol formed by three triangles is located behind the horseman’s neck. Another triple-symbol, formed by three drinking horns, is located above the horseman’s head. Each drinking horn’s narrow end pierces the broad end of another. Just next to the horse, in the right corner of the head, a woman is depicted, who seems to be standing on the horse’s right, raised foreleg. She faces the horseman and proffers a drinking horn. \n\nThe picture stone’s neck represents an approximately 10 cm high field without any chiselled background fields. The figure here is just carved or even sketched – a man in a knee-length tunic with belt, without clear headgear. He extends one hand and turns towards the right. Behind him there probably were once more figures, which now, however, are no longer identifiable. The lower edge of the neck field is formed by a simple horizontal border, consisting of two parallel lines, which contains the inscription (see VIII). The carved man is standing on the horizontal runic border. \n\nThe body of the stone, i.e., the monument’s lower half, is occupied by a ship with rounded stems with spiral terminals, a rudder on starboard, and a square sail uniformly framed on all four sides. The sail features a slightly inconsistent rhombic pattern formed by double lines. Above the railing emerge the torsos of two men each holding one sheet rope, the end of which forms a loop attached to a rope hanging from the sail’s lower edge. Below the ship’s rudder, a further triple symbol can be seen, representing a triangle with a semi-circular recess on each of its sides. Below the vessel, there are two huge waves breaking towards the right, in the direction of the ship’s movement, with crests stylised as interlace ornament. \n\nThe described depictions are easily discernible and documented by both photos of the painted stone and Olof Sörling’s drawing, reproduced in Lindqvist’s book (1941/41 I, figs. 104, 112; II, fig. 512). A collection of different photos of the painted and unpainted stone dating to the 1930s and 60s is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even if the images of the horseman’s welcome (adventus) on the Gotlandic picture stones can be traced back to Roman ideas, it must be assumed that those models were re-interpreted in the North (Vierck 1981). Since early research, the motif is assumed, on the basis of Old Norse literature, to depict the arrival of a slain warrior in Valhǫll – a valkyrie offers a welcome drink to the mounted newcomer (e.g. Nordin 1903, p. 150; Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 96; Weber 1973; Ellmers 1973; 1980; 1986; 1995; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 47–50; 2020c, pp. 128–138). A stylised hall building that is supposed to represent Valhǫll can actually be seen on GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, where the new arrival appears to be sitting on the eight-legged horse of the otherworldly host, Óðinn. See also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, and GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), which represent the horseman with further conclusive details. \n\nThe common Valhǫll-interpretation of the horseman motif essentially is based on the Eiríksmál (and on the Hákonarmál by Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson that draws on them), a song of praise for the Norwegian king Eiríkr blóðøx (blood axe), written after 954 (von See 1981c; Kreutzer 1989; 1999; Marold 1972; 2006, pp. 228–234). This skaldic poem tells of a fallen warrior’s festive arrival at and admission of into Óðinn’s Valhǫll. Óðinn wakes the einherjar, the dead warriors living in Valhǫll, and requests them to arrange for the hero’s arrival, to prepare the benches and wash the cups. The valkyries are tasked with bringing the wine: […] bað ec […] valkyriur vin bera […] (stanza 1, Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, p. 174; B I, p. 164; Whaley 2012, p. 1006). In the Eddic poem Grímnismál, numerous valkyries are called by name whose job it is to offer drinking horns and serve beer to the dead warriors in Valhǫll: […] þær bera einheriom ǫl (stanza 36, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 64; cf. Gylfaginning 36, Faulkes 2005, p. 30). \n\nA greeting by a valkyrie to a dead man on horseback in front of the hall of the fallen is known from literature at least indirectly. There is, for example, the welcome given to Atli by Guðrún after Gunnarr’s murder in Atlaqviða (stanzas 32–33, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 245). This is, as shown by Wolf (1952, p. 101–102; 1965, p. 58–59; cf. von See et al. 2012, p. 336), fashioned according to a mythical model, in order to portray Atli as a doomed man: the poet calls Guðrún afkar dís, ‘terrible dís’, a term that can be regarded as a name for a valkyrie. The hall in front of which she welcomes the approaching horseman with a drink is called Valhǫll (stanzas 2 and 14). The Atlakviða appears to have been composed as early as the ninth century. At that time, the notion of the valkyrie welcoming the mounted warrior at the gates of Valhǫll with a drink already must have been very common. \n\nFurther indicators for a horse ride into the beyond are the triangular shapes over which the horse appears to step over on numerous picture stones. They are regarded as the fence that, as per Grímnismál (stanza 22, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 61) and Lokasenna (stanza 63, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 109), surrounds the realm of the dead (valgrindr, nágrindr) (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 99; Weber 1973, p. 95). According to Snorri, Sleipnir carries the god Hermóðr with a spectacular leap across this barrier (helgrindr) and thus into the kingdom of the dead (Gylfaginning 49, Faulkes 2005, p. 47). Frequently, the horseman is accompanied by a dog that precedes its master (e.g., GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I). Whether the dog, as in many cultures of the ancient world, should be regarded as a psychopomp (e.g., Gräslund 2004) or a hound of hell (e.g., Weber 1973, p. 98), or rather as the man’s trusty companion in life as in death, must remain open. A kind of a northern version of Cerberus is in fact provided by the Eddic poem Baldrs Draumar (stanza 2–3, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 277). \n\nAlso relevant here are figural bronze/silver pendants (and gold foil figures) that feature individual women with a drinking horn or a kind of cup in their hands (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 121–123, fig. 23(a–l), cat. no. 86, 151, 153, 216, 227, 236, 525, 670, 725, 803, 811, 1013, 1034, 1049, 1173). The meaning of those figures is subject of controversy (Simek 2002, pp. 110–118; Plochov 2007; Helmbrecht 2011, 124–125; Heizmann 2015). In the light of the picture stones, they have frequently been considered as depictions of valkyries (e.g., Koktvedgaard Zeitzen 1997, pp. 10–11; Price 2002, 336–337; Vang Petersen 2005, pp. 76–77). Particularly important are those figural pendants that show an armed woman greeting a horseman and offering him a cup (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 68–71, fig. 2(a–b)–3(a–e), catalogue-no. 256–258, 105, 174, 196, 258; Gardeła 2018, pp. 404–408, tab. 3, fig. 5). That at least these martial ‘receptionists’ and servers of drinks should be regarded as valkyries welcoming the slain certainly is the most plausible explanation (Vierck 2002, 24–26). \n\nAs the valkyries by no means represent the only women in the world of the dead, nor the only mythical givers of drinks, other – albeit less convincing – alternatives for the woman with the drinking horn on Gotland’s picture stones have been put forward. She could represent the goddess Freyja (Göransson 1999, pp. 230–231), of whom Grímnismál says that she receives half of the fallen: according to the poem, the dead take their seats in the goddess’ hall, which may be thought of as a banqueting hall (stanza 14, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 60). It does not mention, however, that the dead are provided by the goddess with food and drink. But the woman with the drinking horn also could represent Hel, the goddess of the dead – Baldrs draumar indicates that mead was waiting for Óðinn’s dying son Baldr in Hel’s realm of the dead: Hér stendr Baldri / of brugginn mioðr, / scírar veigar (stanza. 7, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 278) (cp. Kopár 2012, pp. 99–101). The motif of the lady with the drinking horn has also been linked to the dísir (Simek 2002, p. 117; cf. Hellers 2012, pp. 129–133) – a group of female deities who are well documented in literature yet remain enigmatic; probably fertility goddesses associated with the Roman cult of the Matres. Occasionally the Matronae of votive stones are holding a cornucopia. Also scarcely convincing is the suggestion that the woman was the valkyrie Brynhildr/Sigrdrífa (Staecker 2004, pp. 64–65; 2006, pp. 364–365; 2013, pp. 49–51), who passes a mead horn to the hero Sigurðr after he had awakened her from an enchanted sleep: Hon tóc þá horn, fult miaðar, oc gaf hánom minnisveig (Sigrdrífomál stanza 1–2 and prose part, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 189). Gjessing believes the horseman is Óðinn and the woman with the horn the giant’s daughter Gunnlǫð, who serves him the mead of poetry (Gjessing 1943, pp. 78–80). \n\nApart from these considerations, the mythological character of the picture stones’ welcoming scenes has been called into question in general (Eshleman 2000, pp. 19–21; Ney 2007, p. 37; 2012). The proffering of a drinking vessel could be regarded as a universally valid formula of paying homage that derived from the eminent role of women in the drinking ceremonial of Germanic warrior retinues (Enright 1988; 1996). \n\nIn the context of the horseman’s welcome regarded a reception in the afterworld, the ships on the Viking Age picture stones are frequently considered as ships of the dead, vessels transporting the deceased into the beyond (e.g. Ebert 1919/20, pp. 188–189; Major 1924, p. 118; Almgren 1940, p. 32; Kreutzer 1988, p. 21; Ellmers 1973; 1986; 1995; Lindow 1993; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 15–16, 22, 70; Hauck 1976a, p. 588; Egeler 2015, fn. 61; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 55–58; 2020c, pp. 151–166). The fact that the picture stones depict two different ways of travel into the world of the dead – by water and by horse – is explained by Ellmers in a way that is essentially plausible: according to him, boat ride and horse ride represent two consecutive phases in the deceased’s journey (cf. Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 70; Hauck 1976a, p. 588; Althaus 1993, p. 139). The dead, he suggests, first must arrive by ship from the land of the living; having reached the shore on the other side, they continue their journey to Valhǫll by horse. The eight-legged horses on the stones GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I allegedly show that on his landing on the shore, the dead man is given the horse of his host, i.e., Óðinn’s horse Sleipnir. Here, Ellmers refers to the visit in 826 by the Danish king Harald Klak to Louis the Pious in Ingelheim; having landed on the shore of the river Rhine, Harald was received by Louis’ delegation, and as a special honour, the Emperor’s own horse was placed at his disposal for the ride to the imperial palace. \n\nAccording to numerous scholars (Stjerna 1905, p. 114; Ebert 1919/20, pp. 185–188, 196; Major 1924; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, pp. 277, 285; Ellmers 1992, p. 99; Egeler 2015, fn. 491, 572), the fact that Pre-Christian Scandinavians believed in a transmarine afterworld and a ship of the dead is proven by Vendel Period and Viking-Age ship burials as well as boat-shaped stone-settings (Müller-Wille 1968/69; 1974; 1995; Müller-Wille et al. 1978; Capelle 1986; 2004a; 2004b). In support of the thesis of a ship of the dead (Egeler 2015, pp. 113–180), it is argued in the case of the famous ship burial at Oseberg on the Oslofjord (dated 834) that the vessel in the grave appeared to have been ‘staged’ as being ready to put to sea; with its mast, rudder, and oars all prepared, with the anchor stowed on board, and with the ship (temporarily) moored to a bollard stone (Ebert 1919/20, p. 188; Major 1924, p. 147; Herschend 2000, pp. 143, 146, 148; Egeler 2015, pp. 147–148). The coins (including three unminted planchets) retrieved from the Anglo-Saxon royal ship burial at Sutton Hoo in East Suffolk (about 625) were interpreted as Charon’s pennies for the entire crew, as their number exactly matched the number of the oarsmen (Grierson 1970; cf. Müller-Wille et al. 1978, pp. 274, 276–277; Egeler 2015, pp. 149–150). In any case – and this is a serious indicator – the obolus custom, well documented in Germania since the third century, including Viking-Age Sweden, clearly refers to a concept of a transmarine world of the dead that can be reached by boat (Ebert 1919/20, p. 186; Gräslund 1965/66; Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 148; Steuer 2002; Egeler 2013b, pp. 10–15). \n\nUnlike in Greco-Roman or Celtic antiquity, in the North the belief in a ship of the dead is documented only sparsely in literature (Grimm 1968 [1875–1878], pp. 693–697; Müller-Wille 1968/69, pp. 126–129; Althaus 1993, pp. 141–146; Egeler 2015, 114–135). Most sources mentioned in this context describe burials in a boat, but without clear reference to a journey into the beyond. One of the more applicable instances is Snorri’s account of the burial of the god Baldr (Gylfaginning 49, Faulkes 2005, 46 f; Lorenz 1984, 567-574; Lindow 1997, 69-100) which, at least in essence, traces back to the Húsdrápa by skald Úlfr Uggason from the tenth century (Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, pp. 136–138; B I, pp. 128–130.). It tells how the body of Óðinn’s son Baldr, together with his horse, is submitted to the sea in a burning ship. After the boat burial, it is related how Baldr’s brother Hermóðr talks to the guardian of the bridge leading across the underworld river Gjǫll (Gjallarbrú). She tells him that dead Baldr had crossed the bridge on his horse and ridden into the realm of Hel. Obviously, Baldr had travelled to the underworld in the burning ship and changed to the horse on the shore of the world of the dead (Egeler 2015, pp. 114–118). This corresponds to Ellmers’ suggested sequence of a journey into the beyond shown on the Gotlandic picture stones that combines travel in a boat and on horseback. \n\nAlso, reference must be made to the ship Naglfar, which, according to Snorri, during Ragnarǫk takes Loki and the giant Hrymr with the ‘sons of Muspell’ and an army of the dead (Heljar sinnar, ‘Hel’s companions’) to the fight against the gods (Gylfaginning 51, Faulkes 2005, 50; Vǫluspá stanza 50–51, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 11–12). It is generally accepted that the ship’s name means ‘ship of the dead’ or ‘ship of corpses’ (Lie 1954, pp. 153–154; De Vries 1959, p. 404; Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 141; Egeler 2015, p. 128). That Naglfar also played a role independent from the Ragnarǫk myth, as a means of transport for the deceased, is probable (Krohn 1912; Major 1924, p. 127; Stjerna 1912, p. 115; Simek 2004, p. 78; Simek 1982; Egeler 2015, p. 128). Another reference to a transmarine world of the dead, on the shores of which the dead disembark, is provided by Vǫluspá, stanza 38 (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 9; cf. Gylfaginning 52, Faulkes 2005, p. 53), by the toponym Nástrǫndr, ‛beach of the dead’ or ‛beach of corpses’ (Stjerna 1912, p. 113; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, p. 285; Ellmers 1986, pp. 348–349; Egeler 2015, pp. 125–126). \n\nFurthermore, Vǫlsunga saga (written down in the thirteenth century) relates how an old ferryman (Óðinn) transports the body of the hero Sinfjǫtli across a lake in a barge (Waser 1898, pp. 3, 7–8; Heide 2011, p. 61; Egeler 2015, pp. 128–129). The barge with the dead hero disappears and does not reappear again (ch. 10, Finch 1965, pp. 18–19). This account also is found in the prose text Frá dauða Sinfiotla in the Codex regius (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 162). Not least because Sinfjǫtli’s rapture was recognised as one of several parallels between the saga and Arthurian epic poetry (Baesecke 1940, pp. 282–284, 286–287; Finch 1965, p. XXXV fn. 10; Egeler 2015, pp. 129–130), this reference should be handled with care. Of some interest in this context, however, is Gísla saga Súrssonar, written in the thirteenth century (Björn K. Þórólfsson/Guðni Jónsson 1943, p. 56). Its author tells of a burial in a boat, which is then covered by a mound. During the burial proceedings, a heavy rock is placed in the boat, probably with the aim, as is suggested by the context, to weigh down the vessel to such a degree that it cannot put to sea. Apparently, this was meant to prevent the journey of the interred person to the world of the dead (Rosén 1918, pp. 128–129, 166; Egeler 2015, pp. 121–125; differently Wiberg 1937; cf. Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 137). \n\nOnly Skjǫldunga saga explicitly describes the burial in a ship as a journey to the realm of Óðinn (Major 1924, pp. 129–130; Müller-Wille 1968/69, pp. 129–130; Lindow 1997, pp. 85–86; Egeler 2015, pp. 118–119). Sigvardus boards the ship while alive, as rather than growing old, he rather wishes, in the manner of the ancestors, ‘to visit King Óðinn (i.e., the underworld) with royal splendour’ – [...] regali pompa Odinum Regem (id est inferos) invisere malle [...] (Jakob Benediktsson 1950, p. 463). This, however, is to be learned only from the saga’s Latin summary by Arngrímur Jónsson from 1596, while the saga itself, which probably was written about 1200, has not survived except for a few fragments (Acker 2007). \n\nThis, in essence, is the quite limited literary basis of the thesis of the ship of the dead in Pre-Christian Scandinavia. As the texts mentioned either do not explicitly allude to a boat ride into the realm of the dead but only hint at it, or were written at a comparatively late date, the existence of a concept of the ship of the dead in the pagan North is doubted in general by several scholars, and consequently, the ship imagery of the Gotlandic picture stones is interpreted in a different way – as pictures taken from the real life of the deceased person in whose honour the stone was erected, meant to glamorise the lifestyle of a warrior elite or celebrate the dead individual as a skilled seafarer, or refer to his death in a foreign country, while on a trade journey or in a sea battle (Lindqvist 1940, p. 55; 1941/1942 I, p. 92–93, 101; 1962, p. 22; von See 1981a, p. 118; Buisson 1976, p. 86; Holmqvist 1976, p. 566; Stenberger 1977, p. 342; Lindow 1993; Althaus 1993, pp. 137–182). \n\nLittle attention is paid in this discussion, however, to the fact that as early as in ‘Abschnitt’ A, there is iconographic evidence for the importance and function of the rowing boat as a vessel of the dead – see GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV and GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46. On the Stenkyrka fragment, a flying spear marks the crewed rowing boat as belonging to the realm of death. In this way, we also should probably interpret the missile above the small ship on the Viking Age (Type C/D) picture stone GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I as a ‘spear of death’. The Viking Age (Type C/D) fragment GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2 probably represents Óðinn, god of the slain, accompanying the ship of the dead and marking it with his spear. See the relevant articles for more detailed information and bibliography (here only the most relevant literature: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 57, 105–120, 227–242; 2020c, pp. 157–158; in print a). \n\nThe figure behind the horseman of Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, composed of three triangles, occurs on a number of late-type picture stones. It is known under two different terms – Norwegian/Swedish/Danish valknut (also valknude, valknop) and the Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (Hellers 2012, pp. 40–50). The first is not recorded before the beginning of the 18th century and refers to different kinds of knot- and loop-like symbols in Scandinavian folk art, in particular, those which are commonly described as ʻquatrefoil knotsʼ (Vierpassknoten, fyrpass). The etymology of valknut is unclear but usually interpreted as representing an Old Norse term valknútr which can be translated as ʻknot of the slainʼ. The Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (ʻHrungnirʼs heartʼ) originates from Snorri Sturluson’s Skáldskaparmál (ch. 17), written down around 1220. Snorri retells the myth about the god Þórr and his fight against the giant Hrungnir, who is described as having a special kind of heart: “Hrungnir átti hjarta þat er frægt er, af hǫrdum steini ok tindótt með þrim hornum svá sem síðan er gert var ristubragð þat er Hrungnis hjarta heitir” (Faulkes 1998, p. 21) – ʻHrungnir had a heart that is renowned, made of solid stone and spiky with three points just like the symbol for carving called Hrungnirʼs heart has ever since been madeʼ (Faulkes 1987, p. 78). The actual reason for depicting the giant’s heart on picture stones and other artifacts, however, remains unclear. Furthermore, it cannot be assumed with certainty that the connection between the symbol and the Hrungnir myth established by Snorri is based on ancient tradition. \n\nThe possible meaning of the so-called Hrungnis hjarta or valknut and other kinds of ʻtriangle signsʼ or ʻtriple symbolsʼ on late type picture stones, most of which are more-or-less triskele-like, has been discussed extensively by Hellers 2012, pp. 100–186 (with previous interpretations and relevant literature; see also Main 2020, pp. 31–34, 41, 44, 78–79 appendix 2). There may be a connection to the sphere of death and the supreme god Óðinn (who is also god of the fallen) since these signs mostly occur close to those motifs which are commonly regarded as depicting the afterlife journey (horseman, ship, and others; see in particular GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6, GP 341 Sanda kyrka I) or sacrificial scenes (GP 59 Buttle Änge V and GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I). \n\nThere is a certain proximity between those picture stone triple symbols and the triquetra. The triquetra is a widespread decorative element in early medieval art, which in Christian contexts is mostly regarded as symbol of the Trinity (Traetteberg 1974; Moltke 1974; see also Main 2020). Possibly, the Gotlandic ʻtriple symbolsʼ are inspired by Continental or Western triquetra symbolism. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2473", "value_resource_id": 2473, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2473", "display_title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cf80fb7f442e093cfa7da0317203b32744faf3a3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0428.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "value_resource_id": 2384, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2384", "display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106", "value_resource_id": 2106, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2106", "display_title": "GP0059", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d5d3d9f2fa1040a0a1d071a1db733c8d5fd3eff0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0059.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns it to his ʻAbschnittʼ C which he dates to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date those monuments roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to after AD 750 or even after around AD 800 (2012, p. 117). The shape of the horse, in particular the shape of its head with its characteristic frame is reminiscent of Salin’s Style II and thus could be regarded as an indication of a date before AD 800. The runic inscription seems to point to the period between the 8th and the early 9th century, whereby a dating to the 10th century cannot be ruled out runologically (see VIII). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Transliteration: ᴅ-(a)^ʀ(u)(t^)ᴅuþ (cf. Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka p. 6)." } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "The indecipherable inscription (G 268) has been characterized as mixture of older futhark runes and short-twig runes (ibid. and Snædal 2002, p. 48). Without doubt, the d-rune, clearly representing an older futhark rune, is carved two times on the stone, as well as the u-rune and probably the þ-rune, which occur in both the older and the younger futhark. Those characters of the Lillbjärs inscription which are supposed to represent clear short-twig runes, however, are difficult to discern and remain uncertain (Källström 2012, pp. 123–124). Therefore, it is imaginable that the entire inscription is executed in older futhark runes. Whatever the case, as the old d-rune is used, the inscription was probably carved before the early 9th century. However, it is entirely possible that certain older futhark runes were in use even longer on Gotland, until the 10th or even 11th century (Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka p. 6; cf. GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4 [= G 157]; GP 244 Lokrume kyrka [= G 252]; GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka; see Oehrl 2019a, p. 279). Those characters could also be regarded as division markers or para-script characters of other function (cf. Imer 2012, p. 117). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2123", "value_resource_id": 2123, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2123", "display_title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/24f4784ba423c11154a92b868d8ea9f36f67dfe8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0076.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 44, 75–78, 80, 82, 94, 102, figs. 104, 111–112, 114–115; II, pp. 118, 122–123, fig. 512; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 485 cat. no. 834; Hellers 2012, pp. 66–67, fig. 12, pl. 4a; Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka pp. 5–8; Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013a, p. 64; 2015, pp. 399, 418, figs. 38, 42; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 13, 24, 67, 275–277, 279, 291, figs. 4a, 32f, 331c–e; 2020c, fig. 15. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4921", "value_resource_id": 4921, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4921", "display_title": "3D model for GP0390", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0390_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "279" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "13742" } ], "ai2:runverketID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 309, "property_label": "Runverket ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "G 268" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1908 vid ett gravröse, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1909. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad ”dvärgsten” (period CD), 86 cm hög och som bredast 45 cm. Bildstenen är uppdelad i två bildfält, det övre med en ryttare och en kvinna som håller fram ett dryckeshorn. Bakom ryttarens nacke är tre trianglar flätade i varandra. I det nedre fältet avbildas ett skepp med segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet tolkas ofta som en avbildning av de dödes resa till dödsriket. Flätade trianglar kan hänga samman med et kristna triquetra-motivet, men kan också associeras med döden. \n\nInskrift \nBildstenen innehåller rester av en runinskrift, som inte kan tolkas. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "helmet" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "trousers" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valknut" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "drinking horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tunic" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "belt" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "men" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAmJE-iFUFQQ5WNi4aXDl1sAeWHVP9g-EhRdtuzX8ZsGl0?e=hQl7L3" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2123", "o:title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2411", "o:title": "GP 366 Stenkyrka kyrka VI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2605", "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2230", "o:title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2430", "o:title": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2539", "o:title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2051", "o:title": "GP 4 Alskog Ollajvs" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2088", "o:title": "GP 41 Bro Ekes" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2324", "o:title": "GP 278 När Bosarve" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2606", "o:title": "GP 562 Väte Mölner" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2614", "o:title": "GP 570 Stenkyrka kyrkogården" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2299", "o:title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2302", "o:title": "GP 256 Lärbro Stora Hammars IV" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": 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Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4921", "o:title": "3D model for GP0390" } ] } }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2605, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T11:28:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3999", "o:id": 3999 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3999", "o:id": 3999 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3810", "o:id": 3810 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3811", "o:id": 3811 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3815", "o:id": 3815 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0561" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "An agricultural field belonging to the property of Gullarve farm in Väte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte Gullarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen i en åker vid utgrävning av en grav (Lindqvist 1942:144). I föremålskatalogen GF står dock att den återfanns vid dikesgrävning." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Very little information about the find circumstances is available. Lindqvist notes in his book (1941/42 II, p. 144): “This picture stone was found around 1890 in an agricultural field during the digging of a ditch. It is said to have been approximately 1 m under the surface.” According to further information kept in the archives of Gotlands Museum, the stone was registered by Fornsalen in 1909, when it was still situated at the farmstead of Gullarve (Storgården) and donated to the Museum by the landowner Henrik Johansson in 1911. In 2010, the stone was in the depot of Kulturreservatet Norrbys in Väte parish, but between 2010 and 2013 it was transferred to Gotlands Museum storage in Visborg. There are no registered burial grounds or stone settings on the property of Gullarve gård. However, there is a complex of prehistoric house foundations and stone enclosures (Gullarve Änge) just south of Botarve gård, on the other side of the road (RAÄ Gullarve 15 and 41). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 23 cm thick. The obverse is even, on the bodies upper part the narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the back; elsewhere, they are chamfered towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. Surviving height 183 cm. The head is 96 cm wide, the neck 87 cm, and the base 92 cm.” The picture stoneʼs root is missing, otherwise the monument is entirely preserved. However, the edges are abraded and the surface heavily weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "184" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "97" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "23" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are no less than four varying versions of documentation of the stone and its decoration. The earliest one is a drawing from Olof Sörling dating to around 1910, depicting only a few parts of the border decoration and the chequered sail of a ship (ATA 2440:22; Oehrl 2019a, pl. 186d). In ATAʼs run- och bildstenssamling, two photos of the painted stone taken by Harald Faith-Ell in 1933 are kept, which differ in some crucial aspects. The first, which represents the only picture reproduced in Lindqvistʼs book (1941/42 I, fig. 78), depicts a framing interlace border and two image fields on the monumentʼs body (ATA 1719:4). The lower field features a ship with chequered sail and some remains of the rigging and very indistinct contours of the crewmen. The upper panel shows the body and legs of a horse, turning to the right, surrounded by indefinable bas-relief fields. This panel and the completely weathered head field are separated from each other by a horizontal border with a cross-hatched pattern. The second 1933 version of the stone, however, which was not published by Lindqvist, features a much clearer picture of the ship, including three waves at the bottom, a rudder, and a crewman with round shield (ATA 1751:17; Oehrl 2019a, pl. 186c). The horse is more detailed as well, featuring its complete head, and a rider leaning back on his mount. In the head field, remains of a horizontal border can be seen, dividing it into two panels. A photo taken by Raymond Hejdström which is kept in the archives of Gotlands Museum (neg. nr. XXI:579) appears to represent the same painted version of the stone; however, the image is sharper and shows the details a bit better. \n\nLindqvist describes the carvings as follows (1941/42 II, p. 144): “The decoration was sketched out in thin lines by a sharp instrument and then partly widened into narrow chiselled lines with rounded bases. Every second square of the sail and the background fields are carved into the stone. The framing border is filled with an interlace of s-shaped elements, the pattern of which was first interpreted by [Gabriel Gustafson]. The field above the horizontal border appears to have been divided into two panels of equal height, but their imagery can no longer be identified. In the third panel, only the background field under the horse’s belly is clearly visible, while the horseman and everything else can be discerned only vaguely. The details of the ship with its rounded stems and the chequered sail as well as of the waves beneath it also by no means are always clear.” \n\nIn the 1950s, Karl Hauck examined the stone based on a latex cast, trying to identify further details of the decoration. His drawing (which he did never publish) features a whole range of astonishing but implausible new details and figures, such as a manned carriage in the head field, as well as a woman with a drinking horn and a bucket welcoming the horseman, who is blowing a hunting horn and holding a raptor on his outstretched fist (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 40a–b). The figures are marvelously detailed and therefore appear very dubious and untrustworthy. Sigmund Oehrl checked Hauckʼs documentation and came to the conclusion that the great majority of his additions are without verifiable foundation (ibid. pp. 68–84, 286–287). In most cases, however, Hauckʼs overflowing interpretations contain certain elements of the surface structure which indeed, on the basis of digital images applications, can be verified. In the case of Väte Gullarve, there is a shape documentable above the back of the horse, which actually could represent the very faint remains of a bird (ibid. pp. 180, 286, pls. 187a–b; Oehrl in print b). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the interpretation of the ship and equestrian motifs, see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, concerning the horseman and adventus motive see also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. A depiction of a mounted falconer whith a hunting bird on his fist can be seen on GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys); see the relevant article for more information on the iconography of falconry. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late type picture stone. Lindqvist regards the stone from Gullarve as an ʻAbschnittʼ C monument, dating around AD 700. Such late-type picture stones (Type C/D) can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist ascribes Väte Gullarve to his small ʻhybrid groupʼ (Hybridengruppe) of ʻstones with horizontally oriented cornersʼ (Steine mit horizontalgerichteten Ecken). Those monuments, such as GP 37 Bro Eriks I, GP 45 Bro Eriks II, GP 185 Hejnum Rings and GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1 (as well as the Type E stone GP 32 Boge kyrka, which represents a palimpsest) feature a slightly convex head and corners protruding at right angles to the body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, tbl. III). This head shape corresponds to certain Type B dwarf stones. Therefore, Lindqvist (ibid. p. 46) regards these picture stones as a Hybridengruppe, probably representing a phase of transition between ʻAbschnittʼ B and C. If this interpretation is correct, those stones could be regarded as the earliest Type C/D stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or possibly around 700. However, Väte Gullarve differs from those stones as its head is semi-circular and thus the corners do not really protrude horizontally. Lindqvistʼs assignment can certainly be questioned. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type tall3, which occurs in his periods 5 (Early Viking Period), and 7 (Late Viking Period). Imer (2004, p. 104), however, dates the monument to between AD 750 and circa 900, and Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group III segelskepp med skot hanfot), to the 9th or 10th century. The chessboard pattern of the sail, formed by horizontal and vertical lines – differing from most ship depictions that feature rhombic patterns formed by diagonal lines – represents a special characteristic of the Gullarve stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 117). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2084", "value_resource_id": 2084, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2084", "display_title": "GP0037", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/49e5d0744d4567eff73da218d9c0b41f3f202a35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0037.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2092", "value_resource_id": 2092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2092", "display_title": "GP0045", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a7fed3f3c9db0e91e02faae04e0847813ef2afc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0045.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2231", "value_resource_id": 2231, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2231", "display_title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0185A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2237", "value_resource_id": 2237, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2237", "display_title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/855ec9431b6c9e9bfbe4f6c67dad7f8bf35813e5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0191.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2079", "value_resource_id": 2079, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2079", "display_title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/654d1307c8195d98c52882ecdf4f2f2a47998687.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0032A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 71, 117, fig. 78; II, p. 144; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 74, 180–181, 227–228, 276, 286, pls. 40a–b, 186a–d, 187a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte, Gullarve" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1668" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5092", "value_resource_id": 5092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5092", "display_title": "3D model for GP0561", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0561_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "340" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades omkring 1890 vid dikesgrävning i åker tillhörande gården Gullarve. Donerades till Gotlands museum 1911. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 183 cm hög och som bredast 96 cm. På stenen nederdel finns ett skepp med segel och svaga spår av besättning. Över skeppet finns spår av en häst och en stående person, sannolikt ett välkomstmotiv. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet kan representera en valkyria som mottar en död man i Valhall. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6373002" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "702261" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDt0Wt9Ja6ATqYy-GXJCfMfAbglB2549LqI1Xwor1p7ZKM?e=V9TC2O" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2231", "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2584", "o:title": "GP 540 Visby St Hans I" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5092", "o:title": "3D model for GP0561" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/413", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 413, "o:item": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "o:id": 2605 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.454524007572104, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.37153519783817, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2607, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T11:28:57+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4000", "o:id": 4000 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4000", "o:id": 4000 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3844", "o:id": 3844 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3845", "o:id": 3845 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3846", "o:id": 3846 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0563" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/0faf38e7-1410-4026-9085-1e2fbb3ee5b4", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen i korgolvet bakom altaret." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Exhibited inside the western part of the church, next to the portal." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vid besök 050810 satt två bildstenar fastmonterade på västra väggen vid tornportalen." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "In 1983, Beata Böttger-Niedenzu discovered two previously unknown picture stones in the choir floor of Väte church. Böttger-Niedenzu, who submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich in 1982, went through the Gotlandic rural churches during the years 1981 to1985 and discovered no fewer than 38 new picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. \n\nBoth stones from Väte church were re-used as floor slabs in the altar room, which was built around 1300. Picture stone no. 2 was lying directly east of (i.e., just behind) the altar. Stone no. 1 instead was placed approximately 1.5 m south-east of the altar, next to the stone steps located in the south-east corner of the room. However, the measurements of stone no. 2 as well as its traces of abrasion suggest that the slab was formerly been (re)used as doorstep of the portal to the sacristy at the north side of the choir (ATA dnr 2374/92). The sacristy was built together with the choir around 1300. The portal to the sacristy includes spolia from a 12th century church building, probably originating from a former church’s choir portal. Whether the picture stone was part of the 12th century church portal or not, however, must remain an open question. \n\nIn any case, the picture stone seems to have been incorporated into the portal to the sacristy around 1300 and sometime later moved into the floor of the altar room. In 1986, in the course of a restoration of the altar, both stones were uncovered completely and moved to the western part of the church, where they are located today (see V; ATA dnr 2374/92; Ämbetsarkivet, K2, Fotografisamlingen, Gotland, Väte sn, KB, RVIII:556 and PVIII:752 [93-108-15 and 93-108-3]). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Before it was re-used as building material, the large limestone slab was reworked to a rectangular piece, which was 1.36 m high, 0.84 m wide and 0.12 m thick. The surface is worn by footsteps; however, the relief on the left half of the stone is relatively well preserved in certain parts, while the right half of the slab is almost totally polished. When Böttger-Niedenzu discovered the stone in 1983, it was placed between the altar and the apse wall, and the polished right half of the monument was covered by a radiator. In this position, such heavy abrasion was impossible to occur. Thus, the stone must have been used previously at another location. Since 1986, both picture stones originating from the choir floor – Väte kyrka 2 and GP 564 Väte kyrka 1 – are exhibited inside the western part of the church, next to the tower portal. They are attached to the wall directly left of the organ, side by side, by means of four metal holders each. \n\nThe carved or chiseled background planes of the bas-relief are remarkably dark or even black in color, which seems to be an effect of microbial infestation rather than a result of soiling. In the top part of the rectangular slab, disturbing both the horizontal border and the horse scene, a square hole of circa 5x5 cm is placed, containing the stump of a wooden beam from a more recent re-use. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2608", "value_resource_id": 2608, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2608", "display_title": "GP 564 Väte kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/aebc33db88c0576a6474858da975e183a8e90250.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0564.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "136" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "84" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "12" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The inner line of the edge border decoration is preserved on both side edges of the slab. In the upper left corner, this narrow strip is slightly bent outwards, indicating the head part of a mushroom-shaped monument. There are also some remains of the actual border decoration, an interlace pattern, preserved on both sides of the slab, in particular, on its left. Thus, almost the entire original width of the monument is preserved, except for the edge border pattern, which might have been about 0.10 m wide in total. However, it is likely that a large part of the stone’s lower section is missing. \n\nTwo horizontal borders divide the remaining surface into three panels. The upper one, dividing the head panel from the large neck panel below, is decorated with a simple step pattern. The lower border is undecorated but framed by two horizontal narrow strips. In the right half of the stone, which is strongly worn, it is very difficult to identify any remains of the relief figures. In the left half instead, at least some parts of the figurative motifs just next to the panel’s left end are easily discernable. \n\nThe head part preserves the hind legs and the tail of a horse. Between the horse’s legs, a spike-like triangle is depicted, pointing upwards. Seemingly, the horse is stepping over this barrier. A rectangular field directly behind the horse remains unclear. \n\nThe large neck panel in the middle of the preserved stone, whose height is completely preserved, depicts the left half of a sailing ship with a relatively small, chequered sail. Parts of the rigging are preserved as well, in particular, a relatively broad diagonal strip, apparently coming from the ship’s hull and crossing the sail. The left end of the ship’s hull including the stem are clearly visible, as well as remains of two simplified crew members onboard. Beneath the vessel, placed on the panel’s baseline, a row of triangles pointing upwards obviously represents the waves of the sea. A strange curved and axe-like element is depicted directly to the left side of the ship’s sail. A corresponding figure is also placed next to the ship on GP 95 Garda kyrka 7. A similar but much smaller object is depicted on GP 433 Stenkyrka kyrka 11, next to the human being’s face. \n\nIn the lowest panel, an almost vertical line can be seen, whose top end bends to the right. The line is decorated with a row of spike-like triangles pointing to the left. A horizontal staff to the right, probably a spear, points at the spiked structure, seemingly flying towards the vertical line of triangles (Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 19). In the heavily worn area to the right, there is a similar but roughly horizontal line decorated with upward-pointing spike-like triangles, placed near the lower edge of the panel (ibid.). The left end of this line bends upwards. As a result of a re-examination of the stone surface in 2013, Oehrl assumes that both lines of triangles are part of an upside-down U-shaped structure, probably a kind of enclosure or simplified building, which is covered and decorated with spike-like elements. A similar depiction of a building, represented by a simple upside-down U-shaped frame, can be seen on GP 3 Alskog kyrka. Comparable are also the upside-down U-shaped hall buildings on the prominent monuments GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII. All three stones are assigned by Lindqvist to his ʻTjängvide-Gruppeʼ. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "value_resource_id": 2142, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2142", "display_title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no185.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2478", "value_resource_id": 2478, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2478", "display_title": "GP 433 Stenkyrka kyrka 11" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2050", "value_resource_id": 2050, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2050", "display_title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/50a7bab11df828a06ad8a95ac40128b793f64c22.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0003.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Concerning the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on Gotlandic picture stones, see GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, horseman and ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead. In this context, triangles between the horse’s legs, as depicted on the Väte stone, are interpreted as representations of the barrier dividing the world of the living from the world of the dead, a simplified fence, gate or grid (Lindqvist 1941/42 vol. I, p. 99; Weber 1973, p. 95). Such a barrier is mentioned in Old Norse literature, in the relatively young (12th/13th century?) eddic poems Grímnismál (stanza 22, valgrindr) and Lokasenna (stanza 63, nágrindr) as well as in Snorri’s Gylfaginning from about 1220 (cap. 49, helgrindr). According to Snorri, Óðinn’s son Hermóðr, riding on his father’s horse Sleipnir, jumps over this very fence in order to reach the realm of Hel (Faulkes 2005, p. 47). \n\nThe possible building decorated with spikes in the bottom panel is quite unusual. If the upside-down U-shaped depiction represents a kind of domed architecture, as in the case of some picture stones of the ʻTjängvide-Gruppeʼ (see VI), its spike-like decoration and connection with a spear could perhaps be compared to buildings shown on the tapestries from Oseberg (AD 834) and Överhogdal (between AD 1040 and 1170, concerning the dating see Possnert 2010). On both wall hangings, simplified architecture can be seen, whose roof is decorated by longish and pointed elements, obviously spears. In the case of Överhogdal, a runic titulus calls this very building [--] ˟kuþbu, which means [...] guðbú ʻhome of the godsʼ, probably Sē guðbú ʻSee [here] the home of the godsʼ, (Peterson 2006, pp. 157–159, figs. 57–58). This is reminiscent of the description of Óðinn’s great hall Valhǫll in the eddic poem Grímnismál (stanza 9 – Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 59), saying that the roof of this building is constructed of spears as rafters and thatched with shields (Wikman 1996, p. 33; Horneij 1991, pp. 140–141 instead argues that the building represents the Holy City of Jerusalem; regarding Oseberg: Vedeler 2019, pp. 97–100). The dating of the poem’s stanzas is controversial – late pagan period, which means 11th century, or close to the time of the manuscript, which is 12th or even early 13th century (e.g. Egeler 2013a). Imaginably, the depiction on the Väte stone also represents a strongly simplified hall building covered with spears or spearheads, perhaps Valhǫll. Thus, the stone perhaps presented the journey of the dead – on horseback and by ship on the head and neck part – and their final destination. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, i.e., Type C/D according to Lindqvistʼs typology. Those monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and the 10th century. A horse motif on the top field and a ship in the panel directly below (which means in the middle part of the monument and not at the bottom, as usual) is characteristic of a small group of Type C monuments from Klinte parish, called ʻKlinte-Gruppeʼ by Lindqvist. Cf. GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II, and GP 212 Klinte Klintebys (which also bears a simple step pattern, as the upper horizontal border on the Väte stone). Cf. also GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III which by Lindqvist, however, is considered a Type D monument. Klinte is only about 12 km away from Väte church. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "?" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "Probably no inscription. However, the lower horizontal border is framed but undecorated, which possibly indicates that an inscription or ornament was intended or perhaps executed only with paint. The same type of border serves as inscription band on the stones GP 171 Hangvar kyrka III, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4, and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2217", "value_resource_id": 2217, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2217", "display_title": "GP0171", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/192c2b27e331ddffdcc29d3d48ef7317e91819f2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0171.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 17–19, drawing 7, figs. 1–2; Oehrl 2019a, p. 228, pls. 46c–e. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1975:1358" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte 4:5" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5094", "value_resource_id": 5094, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5094", "display_title": "3D model for GP0563", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "440" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffad 1983 i Väte kyrka. Stenen var återanvänd som golvbeläggning i altarrummet. Tidigare var den antagligen inbyggd som tröskel till sakristian. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nFastmonterad på västra innerväggen vid tornportalen och orgeln. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nBeskrivning \nStenen är sekundärt omarbetad och omformad till en rektangulär platta av 1.36 m x 0.84 m storlek. Ursprungligen har den varit svampformad. \n\nTvå horisontala bårder delar in stenen i tre bildfält. I den vänstra halvan av stenen är några rester av figurframställningar bevarade. Bildfält uppe (huvud): Bakben och svans av en häst. Mellan de två benen en triangel. Bildfält i mitten: Segelfartyg och vågor som består av trianglar. Bildfält nedan: Ett flygande spjut och en tandad ram, kanske en byggnad som är dekorerad med (spjut)spetsar. \n\nTolkning \nHäst och skepp har vanligtvis tolkats som bilder av resan till dödsriket, se särskilt GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I och GP 162 Halla Broa IV. Kanske hästen på Vätestenen hoppar över en inhägnad som omger dödsriket. Den fömodade byggnad som är dekorerad med (spjut)spetsar kanske är Odens sal Valhǫll (Valhall), som enligt Poetiska Eddan har ett tak som består av spjut och sköldar. \n\nSO " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "leg" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "building" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "Valhalla" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6372380" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "701827" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6372380" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "701827" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAk7cSO4wunT5bpDwm7S7s8AcIgbif2RiaDNV6btKrovkg?e=1fmbZV" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2608", "o:title": "GP 564 Väte kyrka 1" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5094", "o:title": "3D model for GP0563" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/414", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 414, "o:item": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "o:id": 2607 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.44913938059238, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.363802295769347, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2123", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2123, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/24f4784ba423c11154a92b868d8ea9f36f67dfe8.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/24f4784ba423c11154a92b868d8ea9f36f67dfe8.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/24f4784ba423c11154a92b868d8ea9f36f67dfe8.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:13:51+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4011", "o:id": 4011 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4011", "o:id": 4011 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4066", "o:id": 4066 }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4067", "o:id": 4067 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0076" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://omeka.gotlandsmuseum.se/3DHop/GP0076.html", "o:label": "3D-model" }, { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/ca8e0053-5729-4c29-a702-5ae33346ef9a", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen i kyrkans korgolv" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inside the church, secondarily used in the floor of the choir." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem kyrka" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was identified by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1984. In 1982, she submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. The Eskelhem fragment is incorporated into the floor of the choir, in front of the steps to the altar, near to the southern wall. It lies right next to (i.e., south of) the grave slab of the priest Halvid, who died 1338. According to the 1976 inventory, there are two picture stone fragments in the church, which is obviously wrong. \n\nLagerlöf and Svahnström 1991, pp. 121–122) outline the building history of the church as follows: The first known church on the site was a wooden church, the foundations of which have been found under the floor of the current nave. The wooden church was replaced around 1200 by a Romanesque stone church consisting of a nave and a choir with an apse, parts of which have been preserved under the floor. The nave of this church is still standing. In the middle of the 13th century, the tower was added to the west. The new Gothic choir was built in the middle of the 14th century (in “Sveriges Kyrkor”; however, it is dated to around 1270, see Roosval 1942, pp.195–217). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents the upper part of a large, originally mushroom-shaped picture stone, which has been trimmed to an approximately rectangular shape and now measures about 1.15 x 0.95 m. The surface of the relatively dark limestone slab has been heavily rubbed by footsteps and is correspondingly smooth. In part, the original relief depictions have been almost destroyed as a result, but in places they are quite well preserved and recognizable. In 2015, a heavy candlestick rested on the picture stone and left deep scratches. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "115" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "On the rectangular slab, the image fields of the head and neck of the picture stone are completely preserved, including the inner frame line; in places, parts of the framing interlace border can also be seen. Böttger-Niedenzu, who examined the stone in 1984, describes the remaining carvings in detail and provides drawings of two of the panels (which in her terminology are called ʻzonesʼ) (1988, pp. 6–7, drawing 2 [zone 2] and 3 [zone 3]), while photos of them and photos of the depictions traced on transparent foil are kept in ATA. \n\n“Preserved are the head of the picture stone, divided into 2 zones (hereafter called zone 1 and zone 2), and the upper part of the body of the picture stone [i.e., the neck] with two zones (hereafter called zone 3 and zone 4), of zone 4 only the upper left corner is preserved. [...] \n\nZone 1: A triangular element hovers at the left edge. Below it a rectangular object is located. To the right of both stands a male person, facing the centre of the zone. On the right half another man. Possibly a third person between the two men. \n\nZone 2: In the left part a rectangular area (house?), in the lower left corner of which a man is sitting with his face turned inwards. Immediately in front of him either another person or an object held upright by him. To the right of the centre of the house-like area, a wide-framed rectangle, possibly with loops in it. Outside the house-like area at the right edge of the zone the back part of an animal (horse?) facing left. Centre of zone heavily worn. \n\nZone 3: […] The right half is occupied by a horse with rider facing left. One of the horse’s forelegs is bent backwards. There are acute triangles between the front and the hind legs. A band encircles the two triangles and connects them, looping into a large knot below the horse’s belly. A triangular element (possibly interlocking triangles) hovers above the horse’s neck. The rider has a stick-like object (spear?) on his shoulder. Behind the rider’s back is possibly another triangular structure. The left half of the zone is heavily worn towards the edge border. Towards the centre of the stone, facing the horse, a standing female person (recognisable by her hairstyle and clothing) is seen holding an unidentifiable object towards the horse in one hand and holding a similarly unidentifiable object in the other hand at the level of the horse’s chest.” \n\nNo carvings have survived in the small part preserved from panel 4. On the horizontal band between panels 3 and 4, which is formed by two parallel lines, a runic inscription is placed (s. VIII). The horizontal border separating the second and third panels is framed by two double lines and filled with a zigzag or rhombus pattern. The first and second panels appear to be separated only by a single horizontal line. Based on the RTI technique in particular, Oehrl (2019, pp. 278–279, figs. 334a–338c) was able to confirm most of the elements described by Böttger-Niedenzu and improve her results in one point: The figure on the left of the second panel holds a large ring in his outstretched hand and is facing a structure reminiscent of a building with a door frame and domed roof, similar to the one on GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I (ibid. figs. 337a–b, 338c). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the eschatological interpretation of the horseman and woman motif on Viking Period Gotlandic picture stones, see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. As for the ring bearer in the second panel of the head, refer to GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I, on which a ring symbolism may be connected with Old Norse skaldic poetry. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall late-type picture stone, ʻAbschnittʼ C/D according to Lindqvist’s typology. Those monuments can roughly be dated to between the 8th century (or around AD 800) and the 10th century. An important clue to the closer dating of the stone is provided by the runes (see VIII), which can partly be classified as short-branch runes whose emergence cannot be dated to before AD 800. The arrangement of the imagery on the Eskelhem stone is remarkable: the head field shows two panels with unusual figural representations, while the horseman and woman motif appear below the head. This atypical division and placement of the images can occasionally be observed in the so-called Lärbro group, see GP 255 Lärbro St. Hammars III. The knotted element under the horse is reminiscent of the depictions of GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2301", "value_resource_id": 2301, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2301", "display_title": "GP0255", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/06d71382f9e2e7afbba6c943ad4eb2645c62c49e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0255.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 5–7, drawings 2–3, figs. 3–4; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 278–280, figs. 339a–d; Källström 2020, pp. 139–140, fig. 7. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:6341" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem 52:2" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4609", "value_resource_id": 4609, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4609", "display_title": "3D model for GP0076", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0076_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "401" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1984" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen upptäcktes 1984, liggande i korgolvet framför trappstegen till altaret. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma placering som 1984. \n\nBeskrivning \nÖvre delen av en stor svampformig bildsten (period C/D), med bevarad längd 115 cm och bredd 95 cm. Kantdekor och horisontell dekor bevarad, liksom fyra bildfält. I det översta bildfältet två eller möjligen tre stående män samt ett trekantigt och ett rektangulärt föremål. I det andra bildfältet till vänster en rektangel (hus?) med en sittande man och en människa eller ett föremål framför honom. Till höger en rektangel med möjliga slingor. Till höger om denna rektangel delar av ett djur (häst) som riktar sig mot vänster. I det tredje bildfältet en stående kvinna med föremål i båda hennes händer. Hon riktar sig åt höger mot en ryttare med möjligen ett spjut på skuldran. Trianglar är placerade mellan både framben och bakben på hästen och trianglarna är förbundna med en stor knut under hästens buk. Troligen ytterligare en triangel över hästens nacke. Inga bilder finns på den lilla bevarade delen av det fjärde bildfältet. \n\nInskrift \nI det horisontella bandet mellan bildfält 3 och 4 spår av en runinskrift. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 800-900-talen \n\nTolkning \nBilden av en ryttare som möts av en kvinna brukar tolkas som ett Valhallsmotiv \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "polygon" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "building" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ring" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rectangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6376452" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "692396" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6376452" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "692396" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAGKd6cwkhCQa6P6JuvaeLOAda7PR14WeF11SzV7iLodRo?e=eXgd1H" } ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "12.08.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4609", "o:title": "3D model for GP0076" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/94", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 94, "o:item": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2123", "o:id": 2123 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.48975249483482, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.210109510265056, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2126", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2126, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cff8ebe912d643ca77adda7c1338ff11fd59ff15.jpg", "medium": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cff8ebe912d643ca77adda7c1338ff11fd59ff15.jpg", "square": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cff8ebe912d643ca77adda7c1338ff11fd59ff15.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:15:34+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4016", "o:id": 4016 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4016", "o:id": 4016 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0079" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Along the railway line in Etelhem, Etelhem parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Other" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Etelhem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Etelhem Järnvägen" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen under byggnad av järnvägen." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone was found in 1879 during the construction of the railway line in Etelhem, Etelhem parish (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). More information about the find spot and find circumstances are not available. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, fine-grained, sandstone-like, 5 cm thick. The obverse probably is naturally smooth, curved. The narrow sides dressed at right angles towards the obverse, the reverse rough. Height 68 cm, 55 cm of which measured from the lower edge of the decoration. Width between the edges 43 cm, at the neck 39 cm, at the basis 45 cm. The decoration is executed very shallowly, with fine lines and slightly chiselled background fields. In part, as in the case of the horse’s front legs, the patterns and figures appear to have been defined by chiselling away merely the background fields immediately surrounding them” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). Nevertheless, the carvings are well discernible, the surface is not weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "68" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "6" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The field is surrounded by a border filled with a simplified twisted cord pattern and is divided into two halves by a horizontal band. The upper part features a triangle not chiselled away down to the background field [in the left corner, rising from the bottom of the panel] and three men with belts and knee-length tunics; the outer men, their swords drawn, appear to attack the one standing in the middle, who probably lacks any weapons. In the lower field, there are two more triangles left standing [one rising from the bottom, just between the horse’s forelegs, and the other one protruding from the left edge border] and a horseman with sword and pointed cap, but no shield” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 43). This description corresponds to Lindqvist’s photo of the painted stone published in “Gotlands Bildsteine” (ibid. I, fig. 64; cf. ATA 1648:70, H. Faith-Ell 1933; photo without paint: ATA 186:4). \n\nAccording to Olof Sörling’s drawing dating to 1917 (ibid. II, fig. 350), the man in the middle of the upper panel appears to be armed as well; a possible blade or scabbard protrudes from his right shoulder. Apart from that, the drawing corresponds to Lindqvist’s image (ibid. I, fig. 64). There are some remarkable finely carved details that depict the horseman’s sword, the warrior’s belts, tunics, parts of the leg bindings, and even the hair of the left swordsmen. The depiction of the horseman is remarkable as well, providing interesting insights into Late Iron Age horse riding technique (ibid. I, pp. 82–83) – the rider is sitting on a relatively huge horse, in reclined position, with horizontal upper legs and the lower leg at the horse’s shoulder. The reins in the equestrian’s hand are leading from the horse’s mouth (snaffle bit). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 38) labels the stone as Type B monument, dating between AD 500 and 700, however, without giving any reasons for this view. Only the stone’s small size and the typical step or geometrized twisted cord pattern might be used as arguments. Iconography, carving technique, and the mushroom shape of the slab do rather indicate a Late Type picture stone, i.e. Type C/D, dating to the 8th–10th centuries. The outline shape is comparable to the stocky Type C/D dwarf stone GP 161 Halla Broa III for instance. The primitive step pattern, which is indeed typical for Type B stones, does occasionally occur in ʻAbschnittʼ C/D as well, as on GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys). Horsemen and warriors with uplifted swords are frequent Type C/D motives. According to Lindqvist’s interpretation, two swordsmen flanking and attacking a figure (a woman in this case) between them, placed in the uppermost panel of a picture stone, are also depicted on the Late Type monument GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I. The finely carved lines on the Etelhem stone, depicting details of dress, weapons and body parts, probably to be regarded as preliminary sketches, do also represent typical Type C/D features. Oehrl regards the Etelhem stone (as well as GP 13 Alva Bopparve) as a late Type B stone, perhaps representing a transitional form between the groups of middle and late type picture stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or even later (2019a, pp. 11, 18, 227). Basically, however, there is hardly any reason to see anything else in those stones than Type C/D stones. \n\nAccording to Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4 which occurs in his periods 4–7, i.e., between the Late Vendel Period and the Late Viking Period (8th to 11th century). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2060", "value_resource_id": 2060, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2060", "display_title": "GP 13 Alva Bopparve", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/439d99f8d032815c4af7697787a842ee4043ac57.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0013.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 82–83, fig. 64; II, pp. 42–43, fig. 350; Guber 2011, pp. 64–65, fig. 27, 29, p. 116 cat. no. 14; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 18, 227, pl. 2h. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Etelhem, Eisenbahnlinie" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2264" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4612", "value_resource_id": 4612, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4612", "display_title": "3D model for GP0079", "thumbnail_url": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0079_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "55" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine limestone without reef debris" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Slite Group (40%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1879 i samband med järnvägsbygge i Etelhems socken, men oklart var i socknen. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, Bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad dvärgsten (period B eller mer troligt period C/D), 68 cm hög och som bredast 45 cm. Kantdekor bevarad, liksom två bildfält. Det övre bildfältet med tre stående män och en triangel, de båda yttre med dragna svärd, men personen i mitten utan vapen. Det nedre bildfältet en ryttare med svärd men ingen sköld och två trianglar. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-900-talen, förmodligen period 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "belt" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tunic" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "stockings" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse trappings" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sheath" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAQ4ZnZd75gTbSjafZlhs2aAZQ3k4JgUwwy3AnVgYkn43M?e=ImSVpN" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2060", "o:title": "GP 13 Alva Bopparve" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2203", "o:title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII" }, { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2210", "o:title": "GP 164 Halla Broa XV" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2210", "o:title": "GP 164 Halla Broa XV" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2210", "o:title": "GP 164 Halla Broa XV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "http://www.gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4612", "o:title": "3D model for GP0079" } ] } } ]